Scholarly Works, Global Issues Initiative

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APHIS Workshop on Avocado Model
Cororaton, Caesar B. (Virginia Tech, 2009-06-16)
The goals of the workshop are: (a) to discuss and learn how to code the Mexican avocado model of Peterson and Orden (2008) and (b) to run the model under various model parameters and scenarios.
Assessing the Potential Economic and Poverty Effects of the National Greening Program
Cororaton, Caesar B.; Arlene Inocencio; Tiongco, Marites; Manalang, Anna Bella (Virginia Tech, 2015-11-10)
This presentation assesses the potential economic and poverty effects of the National Greening Program in the Phillipines in 2012-2050.
Cost and Benefit Analysis of Possible Philippine Participation in the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement
Cororaton, Caesar B.; Orden, David R. (Virginia Tech, 2014-09-04)
The objective of this presentation was to quantify the effects of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) on trade, especially in terms of Philippine participation.
Economic Impact Analysis of the Reduction in Sugar Tariffs Under the ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement: The Case of the Philippine Sugar Sector
Cororaton, Caesar B. (Virginia Tech. Global Issues Initiative, 2013-09)
The objective of this paper is to examine the potential effects on the Philippine economy as the government fulfills its sugar commitment. The paper utilizes three simulation models in the analysis: The GTAP model; a Philippine CGE model; and a Philippine poverty and income distribution microsimulation model. The GTAP model is used to analyze the trading interactions between the Philippines and the rest of the ASEAN member countries and the rest of the world. The Philippine CGE model, which provides details of the economy including several household groups, is used to analyze the effects on the local sugar and the sugar-using downstream industries and the rest of the production sector, while the poverty microsimulation model which utilizes data from the national household survey is used to analyze the effects on poverty and income distribution in the Philippines.
The Importance of Technical Barriers to Agri-Food Trade: Evidence from the TBT Specific Trade Concerns Raised at the WTO
Cororaton, Caesar B.; Orden, David R. (Virginia Tech. Global Issues Initiative, 2019-06-15)
This Working Paper distinguishes between 212 specific trade concerns (STCs) related to regulatory measures affecting trade of agri-food products and 336 concerning other products. These STCs were discussed at the WTO during 1995-2017 with respect to members’ rights and obligations under the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade. The paper has three broad components. First, we document an increase not decline in the relative importance of STCs concerning agri-food products in a recent (2006-2017) compared to early (1995-2005) sub-period. Second, we assess the frequencies and correlations among objectives of members whose regulatory measures STCs have been directed toward and the issues raised by members with concerns about those measures. We find a number of broad similarities between the STCs concerning agri-food and other product but also some important differences. Third, our analysis addresses participation of 73 members in these STCs, distinguishing at an aggregated level between developed and developing members and disaggregating into eight groups based on WTO self-designation and World Bank income criteria. Developed members raising STCs directed toward developing members dominates participation concerning both agri-food and other products, followed by developing members raising STCs directed toward developed members. Disaggregation into the eight groups provides additional insights.
Philippine Agricultural and Food Policies: Implications on Poverty and Income Distribution
Cororaton, Caesar B.; Corong, Erwin L. (Virginia Tech, 2008-12)
The objective of this presentation was to examine how trade policy affects food prices and poverty in the Philippines.
Potential Economic Effects on the Philippines of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)
Cororaton, Caesar B.; Orden, David R. (Virginia Tech. Global Issues Initiative, 2015-02)
The TPP is a potential economic block in Asia Pacific. If the negotiations are successful, the TPP can have important implications for the Philippines whether it decides to join or not because countries in TPP are important markets for Philippine exports and sources of imports, investments, and technology. The paper simulates a reduction in trade barriers within the TPP using a global CGE model. The results indicate trade creation within the TPP and trade diversion from the non-TPP. Philippine non-participation will generate small negative effects on the economy, but the economic opportunity cost of non-participation is larger. If the inflows of investments into the country improve with participation, the welfare gain is higher. While higher investments lead to real exchange rate appreciation, the majority of Philippine sectors benefit from the scale production effect of larger capital inflows.
Potential Effects of Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) on the Philippine Economy
Cororaton, Caesar B. (Virginia Tech, 2015-12-01)
This presentation estimates the potential effects of the reduction in RCEP tariffs and non-tariff barriers (NTBs) in the Phillipines.
Preliminary Report: Potential Economic Effects of the Reduction in Agricultural and Nonagricultural Trade Barriers in the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership
Cororaton, Caesar B.; Orden, David R. (Virginia Tech. Global Issues Initiative, 2016-10)
The objective of this paper is to provide an assessment of the potential economic effects in the U.S. and EU28 of reducing the trade barriers between the two economies¹. A global computable general equilibrium (CGE) model is used to determine over the period 2015-2024 the immediate, medium-term and long-run effects on the bilateral trade between the U.S. and EU28, and the related effects on the rest of global trade. Aggregate trade creation and trade diversion effects are calculated, as well as the sectoral production, trade and consumption effects and impacts on factor prices and welfare in both economies.
A Review of Literature on the Economics of Invasive Species
Cororaton, Caesar B.; Orden, David R.; Peterson, Everett B. (Virginia Tech. Global Issues Initiative, 2009-09)
There is increased demand within the regulatory processes of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for a higher level of analysis that integrates pest risks with economic considerations. This paper reviews the literature of methodological developments and empirical analyses over the past decade that potentially enhance such studies. Policy-oriented economic benefit-cost analysis that integrates risk assessment and related mitigation and control costs has to incorporate three components into an inter-disciplinary framework. The first component is based purely on risk science, such as probabilities of pest risk of infestations or transmission, or procedures for control of pest outbreaks. The second component inherently involves a mixture of pest risk science and economic considerations, such as an assessment of the effectiveness of specific mitigation or pest control measures and their likely economic cost. The third component is based purely on economics in that it involves the construction of the economic model in which the specific and net effects of alternative policy decisions are evaluated, taking information from the first two components into account.
Some Notes on the Economic Environment Affecting the Debate on the Agricultural Act of 2014
Novoa, Miguel Albert; Cororaton, Caesar B.; Orden, David R. (Virginia Tech. Global Issues Initiative, 2014-10)
The recent U.S. farm bill was passed by Congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama on February 7, 2014 as the Agricultural Act of 2014. Traditionally, farm bills are passed every five years, but the recent bill, which authorizes nutrition and agricultural programs for 2014- 2018, is two years late since the 2012 expiration of the 2008 bill (the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008). The 2014 bill authorizes a projected $956 billion in spending over the next ten years. The purpose of these Notes is to provide background information about the economic setting in the general economy and agriculture in the years leading up to the Agricultural Act of 2014 and to recap some of the key congressional debates and decisions about fiscal policy and a new farm bill during fiscal years 2018-2014.

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