School of Architecture + Design

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Browsing School of Architecture + Design by Author "Black, Kenneth Allan"

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    The influence of roof reflectivity on adjacent air and surface temperatures
    Grant, Elizabeth J.; Black, Kenneth Allan; Werre, Stephen R. (2017-03-04)
    An experimental study was conducted to answer questions about the thermal effects of roof reflectivity on the neighbouring built environment. Temperatures were recorded at the surface of black ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and white thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) membrane overlay areas; in the air and at electrical metallic tubing (EMT) above them; and at opaque and glazed wall surfaces adjacent to them. The surface of the EPDM roof was significantly hotter than the TPO roof by 36°C and 26°C on two test dates. Air temperatures were 2°C higher above EPDM versus TPO up to 14 cm, with no significant differences above this height. Temperatures were 2°C higher at EMT above the TPO surface than above the EPDM. A precast concrete panel wall was 3°C to 5°C warmer adjacent to TPO versus EPDM. Exterior glazing surface temperatures were 2°C warmer adjacent to TPO versus EPDM.
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    Planning for Resilience: Predicting Vegetated Roofs’ Runoff Reduction
    Grant, Elizabeth J.; Black, Kenneth Allan; Jones, James R. (2014-06-09)
    The rate of incorporation of vegetated systems into urban buildings is on the rise. These systems represent a psychological link to the natural world that city-dwellers have left behind and a physical filter to temper the effects of head, flooding, urban noise, and pollution. The main premise behind this trend is the ability of vegetation to dampen extremes of temperature and rainfall, which will become more unpredictable as climates change. To study the rainfall retention capacity of vegetated roofs, researchers at Virginia Tech have compared the runoff volumes flowing off three different depths of modular vegetated roofing systems to those flowing off a white reflective single-ply membrane roof. Results of this study demonstrated roofing systems to those flowing off a white reflective single-ply membrane roof. Results of this study demonstrated significant reductions in runoff in all the vegetated roof samples. Relationships among variable such as average temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation, and time between storms, and their effect on runoff reduction at the treatment platforms, were identified. Statistical analysis of the data has yielded a function relating these weather variables, with predictive capacity for future implementation of modular vegetated roofing systems. Armed with tools such as these, architects and roof consultants can better design buildings prepared to accommodate the evolving global climate.
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    Reflective Roofing Research: Influence of Roof Color on Adjacent Air and Surface Temperatures
    Grant, Elizabeth J.; Black, Kenneth Allan; Werre, Stephen R. (2017-03-19)
    An experimental study was conducted to answer questions about the thermal effects of roof reflectivity on the neighbouring built environment. Temperatures were recorded at the surface of black ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and white thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) membrane overlay areas; in the air and at electrical metallic tubing (EMT) above them; and at opaque and glazed wall surfaces adjacent to them. The surface of the EPDM roof was significantly hotter than the TPO roof by 36°C and 26°C on two test dates. Air temperatures were 2°C higher above EPDM versus TPO up to 14 cm, with no significant differences above this height. Temperatures were 2°C higher at EMT above the TPO surface than above the EPDM. A precast concrete panel wall was 3°C to 5°C warmer adjacent to TPO versus EPDM. Exterior glazing surface temperatures were 2°C warmer adjacent to TPO versus EPDM.