Browsing by Author "Allen, William A."

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    1976 Virginia insect control guide
    Roberts, J. E; Robinson, William H.; Weidhass, J. A.; Allen, William A.; Horsburgh, R. L; Semtner, Paul J. (Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, 1976-01)
    Insect control guide including those in field crops, on animals, fruit, horticulture and vegetable crops, man and household insects, ornamentals, lawn and turf grass, Christmas trees, and nursery and shade trees.
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    Agricultural plant pest control : a training program for the certification of pesticide applicators
    Allen, William A.; Brann, Daniel E.; Chappell, William E.; Drake, Charles R.; McPherson, Robert M.; Martin, J. M.; Roberts, James E.; Smith, Ellen S. (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Extension Division, 1979)
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    Components of seasonal soybean infestation by Heliothis zea in eastern Virginia, with emphasis on multivariate analysis of field susceptibility
    Knausenberger, Janice G. Burt (Virginia Tech, 1978-11-05)
    Heliothis zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) density, development, and relationships with host crops were studied in eastern Virginia. Six instars occur. The larval population in corn is the reservoir for the generation in soybeans. An estimator, based on the reservoir population, permitted calculation of the larval density in soybeans. An index, based on blacklight trap and emergence data, permitted precise timing ot peak moth flight to soybeans. Regression analyses of biotic and abiotic factors revealed that soybean plant morphometrics best explained corn earworm densities. Discriminant analyses on empiricala priori soybean field susceptibility categories (described by plant morphometrics) classified five levels of anticipated maximum larval densities 80 - 98 percent correctly. Development of highest larval densities was synchronized with overall plant growth and specific pod development: third and fourth instars were present during rapid pod elongation, while fifth and sixth were present during rapid pod volume increase.
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    Feeding activity, a study of control measures, and a survey of black fly pests (Dipterai Simuliidae) of horses in Virginia
    Townsend, Lee Hill (Virginia Tech, 1975)
    The feeding activity of female black flies may cause considerable annoyance to saddle horses. Horses under attack become head-shy and difficult to manage, posing a potential hazard to riders. Stabling horses offers a means of protection against black fly feeding, but most horse owners cannot or will not stable their animals to prevent disturbance by noxious flies. Because stabling is an unsatisfactory control measure, I will evaluate various ear protectants to find easily applied materials of suitable effectiveness and duration on pastured animals to be of practical value to the owners.
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    The Impacts of integrated pest management (IPM) on Virginia soybeans
    McPherson, Robert M.; Kazmierczak, Richard Francis, 1959-; Rajotte, Edwin G.; Allen, William A. (Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, 1987-08)
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    Insect Identification Laboratory Annual Report 1981
    Hilburn, Daniel J.; Allen, William A. (Virginia Tech, 1981)
    This report summarizes the activity of the Insect Identification Laboratory at Virginia Tech for 1981.
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    Insect Identification Laboratory Annual Report 1981
    Hilburn, Daniel J.; Allen, William A. (Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, 1982)
    This report summarizes the activity of the Insect Identification Laboratory ad Virginia Tech for 1981.
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    Insect Identification Laboratory Annual Report 1982
    Hilburn, Daniel J.; Allen, William A. (Virginia Tech, 1982)
    This report summarizes the activity of the Insect Identification Laboratory at Virginia Tech for 1982.
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    Insect Identification Laboratory Annual Report 1982
    Hilburn, Daniel J.; Allen, William A. (Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, 1983)
    This report summarizes the activity of the Insect Identification Laboratory ad Virginia Tech for 1982.
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    Morphology and taxonomy of the first instars of the genus Cerococcus Comstock (Homoptera:Coccoidea:Cerococcidae)
    Hamon, Avas B. (Virginia Tech, 1976-09-15)
    The taxonomy of species in the genus Cerococcus has been unstable and adequate keys and descriptions have not been available for identification. This detailed study of the first instars is one step in the revision of the genus and reevaluation of the taxa which have been referred to the genus. The first instars of 31 species of Cerococcus are included in this study. Each species studied is fully described, including measurements of morphological characters, and illustrated. Cerococcus first instars were found to have well developed legs; well developed mouthparts with a 3-segmented labium; 6-segmented antennae; 2 pairs of spiracles with associated quinquelocular pores; acornshaped spiracular setae or regular setae-shaped spiracular setae; well developed anal lobes which are armed with spines on the inner margin and terminated by long apical setae; large conspicuous dorsal B-shaped pores in longitudinal rows; dorsal trapezoid-shaped anal plate; and 6 setae on the anal ring. The classification of Cerococcus first instars generally agreed with the classification of the adult females, and keys are provided for separation of the first instars studied. Species of the genus Cerococcus were found to be morphologically distinct from the species in the genera Asterococcus and Solenophora. It appears that the genus Cerococcus is only distantly related to the genera in the families Asterolecaniidae, Eriococcidae, and Lecanodiaspidiae.
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    Population dynamics of overwintering life stages of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal)
    Hilburn, Daniel J. (Virginia Tech, 1985-12-01)
    Virginia is a natural laboratory for studying overwintering habits of the alfalfa weevi1. At higher elevations, winters are relatively harsh and weevil pressure on the alfalfa crop is usually light. Much heavier pressure is the rule at lower elevations where winters are milder. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of fall and winter temperatures, parasites, and fall regrowth management on population dynamics of overwintering stages of this insect. Sixteen commercial alfalfa fields in Montgomery Co. (elevation 610 m) and Bedford Co. (elevation 300 m) were used in the study. Approximately half the fields each year were either harvested or grazed to remove fall regrowth. In the other fields, fall regrowth was left standing through the winter. Six different pitfall trap designs were compared for collection efficiency, installation and servicing effort, and cost. Barrier traps outperformed the other trap designs and were inexpensive and easy to install and service. Sweepnet samples were used to monitor weevil adults during their fall migration. A newly designed sampling device which removes all plant material, litter, and approximately 2 cm of soil from a 1/20 m² area, was used to measure absolute densities during fall and winter. Based on these absolute density samples fewer adults overwintered within fields in which fall regrowth was removed. Dissections revealed the presence of three parasites: Hyalomyodes trianqulifer (Loew), Microctonus aetheopoides Loan, and M. colesi Drea. Total parasitization rates were low. The highest measured rate was 16.1% in Bedford Co. in 1984-85. Female reproductive development also was determined through dissection. Females reach sexual maturity shortly after returning to alfalfa fields in the fall. Most contain full-size eggs in their oviducts from late fall through the winter. Egg densities as measured by laboratory incubation of field collected plant material indicated no differences related to elevation in early February, but significantly more viable eggs were present by late March at the low elevation site. In 1984, Bedford Co. samples indicated significantly more eggs in fields receiving no fall regrowth management. A simulation model called OAWSIM (Overwintering Alfalfa Weevil Simulation) was developed to examine the influence of factors which affect overwintering life stages. Model predictions indicate fall and winter temperatures, and fall regrowth management are major influences on the population dynamics of this insect.
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    The synthetic pyrethroid Ectiban permethrin as a treatment in the pest management of flies in caged-layer poultry houses
    Townsend, Lee Hill (Virginia Tech, 1977)
    The objective of my research was to evaluate the synthetic pyrethroid permethrin (Ectibantm permethrin, ICI, Americas, Inc.) (Fig. 1) as a potential treatment in the integrated control of synanthropic flies in poultry houses. I used a variety of application techniques including feed additive, direct topical application to manure for larval control, and residual sprays for adult control. In addition to investigating the effects of the pyrethroid on the house fly, I determined its effect on selected nontarget parasites and predators which may occur in chicken houses. The goal of the research is potent insecticide compatible with an integrated control approach for synanthropic flies.