Browsing by Author "Andersson, Krister P."
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- An analytical agenda for the study of decentralized resource regimesAndersson, Krister P.; Ostrom, Elinor (Blacksburg, VA: SANREM CRSP, OIRED, Virginia Tech, 2007)This paper seeks to shed new light on the study of decentralized natural resource governance by applying institutional theories of polycentricity - the relationships among multiple authorities with overlapping jurisdictions. The emphasis on multi-level dynamics has not penetrated empirical studies of environmental policy reforms in nonindustrial countries. On the contrary, many of today's decentralization proponents seem to be infatuated with the local sphere, expecting that local actors are always able and willing to govern their natural resources effectively. Existing studies in this area often focus exclusively on characteristics and performance of local institutions. While we certainly do not deny the importance of local institutions, we argue that institutional arrangements operating at other governance scales - such as national government agencies, international organizations, NGOs at multiple scales, and private associations - also often have critical roles to play in natural resource governance regimes, including self-organized regimes.
- Decentralization reforms and property rights: Potentials and puzzles for forest sustainability and livelihoodsMeinzen-Dick, Ruth S.; Andersson, Krister P.; Ostrom, Elinor (Blacksburg, VA: Office of International Research, Education, and Development, Virginia Tech, 2009)This presentation provides an overview of the SANREM research regarding decentralization reform and property rights in forest management. Realizing that decentralization reform often falls short of its sustainable natural resource management objectives, the research hypothesizes that this is a consequence of blueprint policies ill adapted to the local context and that reforms will be more effective under particular circumstances. This is accomplished by longitudinal study regarding the impacts of reform in Uganda, Kenya, Bolivia and Mexico.
- El Análisis Institucional del Desarrollo Forestal Comunitario: Hacia una Redefinición de los DesafíosAndersson, Krister P. (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University, 2007)Presentation given at a training session event on Institutional Analysis of Forest Policy for policy makers and practitioners working on community forestry in Bolivia. The purpose of the training session was to engage a larger group of policy actors as partners in our analysis of how national policy decisions influence local practices.
- Inequalities, institutions, and forest commonsAndersson, Krister P.; Agrawal, Arun (Elsevier Ltd, 2011)In the past, very little research has attempted to illuminate the relationships between social or economic inequalities, institution intervention, and ecological outcomes of common resources. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of inequalities within (intra-group) and between (inter-group) groups on forest commons. The authors gathered 228 cases from six countries (India, Nepal, Kenya, Uganda, Mexico, Bolivia) ranging from 1994 to 2002. The study revealed that both intra- and inter-group inequalities have negative effects upon forest commons, and effective institutional involvement may help mitigate the negative effects of inter-group inequalities. These findings support the argument for addressing social and economic disparities as an effective means in improving the ecological sustainability of forest commons.
- Municipal politics and forest governance: Comparative analysis of decentralization in Bolivia and GuatemalaAndersson, Krister P.; Gibson, C.; Lehoucq, F. (Elsevier, 2006)Studies forest decentralization in Bolivia and Guatemala in the context of the incentives facing local politicians.
- Resource, recourse and decisions: Incentive structures in forest decentralization and governance in East AfricaBanana, Abwoli Y.; Ongugo, Paul O.; Bahati, Joseph; Mwangi, Esther; Andersson, Krister P. (Nairobi, Kenya: Kenya Forestry Research Institute, 2008)This paper asks: what is it that gets decentralized in the forestry and natural resources sector? And is decentralization effective in meeting the goals of equity, sustainability and poverty reduction? Using two ecologically similar forests, Mabira forest in Uganda and Kakamega forest in Kenya, the authors finds some sharp differences in the institutional regimes for their management.
- The STRATEGY project: Decision tools to aid sustainable restoration and long-term management of contaminated agricultural ecosystemsHoward, B.; Beresford, N.; Nisbet, A.; Cox, G.; Oughton, D.; Hunt, J.; Alvarez, B.; Andersson, Krister P.; Liland, A.; Voigt, G. (London, UK: Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, 2005)The STRATEGY project (Sustainable Restoration and Long-Term Management of Contaminated Rural, Urban and Industrial Ecosystems) aimed to provide a holistic decision framework for the selection of optimal restoration strategies for the long-term sustainable management of contaminated areas in Western Europe. A critical evaluation was carried out of countermeasures and waste disposal options, from which compendia of state-of-the-art restoration methods were compiled. A decision support system capable of optimising spatially varying restoration strategies, that considered the level of averted dose, costs (including those of waste disposal) and environmental side effects was developed. Appropriate methods of estimating indirect costs associated with side effects and of communicating with stakeholders were identified. The importance of stakeholder consultation at a local level and of ensuring that any response is site and scenario specific were emphasised. A value matrix approach was suggested as a method of addressing social and ethical issues within the decision-making process, and was designed to be compatible with both the countermeasure compendia and the decision support system. The applicability and usefulness of STRATEGY outputs for food production systems in the medium to long term is assessed.
- Turning to forestry for a way out of poverty: Is formalizing property rights enough?Andersson, Krister P.; Pacheco, D. (2004)This uses methods of the International Forest Resources and Institutions (IFRI) Program to evaluate the impact of recent reforms on rural livelihoods in the Bolivian Lowlands. It looks at the impact of policies on incentives to invest in forest resources.
- Understanding decentralized forest governance: An application of the institutional analysis and development frameworkAndersson, Krister P. (2006)Analyzes how local institutional arrangements affect the outcomes of decentralization policies in the non-industrialized world, particularly related to forest governance. Relies on the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework to study the institutional conditions that lead to effective decentralized forest governance, and tests hypotheses using recent data from forestry-sector activities in 32 municipal governments in Bolivia. Preliminary findings are that information exchange is key to successful local governance.
- Unpacking decentralizationAndersson, Krister P.; Bauer, Jacqui; Jagger, Pamela; Luckert, Marty; Meinzen-Dick, Ruth S.; Mwangi, Esther; Ostrom, Elinor (2008)This presentation provides an analytical breakdown of the implications of government decentralization policies in the management of forest resources. Though first presenting the negative aspects of centralization policies, the presentation shows how decentralization has widely evolved as better equipped to prevent a tragedy of the commons in forest resource depletion. Nevertheless, results of decentralization in forest management varied widely in application across the various sites.
- Unpacking decentralizationAndersson, Krister P.; Bauer, Jacqui; Jagger, Pamela; Luckert, Marty; Meinzen-Dick, Ruth S.; Mwangi, Esther; Ostrom, Elinor (SANREM CRSP, 2008)The term "decentralization" is applied to a wide diversity of governance arrangements around the world and has achieved positive, negative, and no results in its application to natural resource management. Part of the reason that the results have been so mixed is that the term decentralization is used as the name of widely diverse policies including: (1) deconcentration of national administrative authority to regional or local offices, (2) shifting authority from national agencies to local agencies with varying degrees of autonomy, and (3) privatization of the ownership and/or management of natural resource system. Thus, the resulting formal governance arrangements may vary substantially from one decentralization effort to another dependant both on the policies that are adopted and on many other factors including the broader economy of a country and the region where decentralization is occurring, the set of legal rights that had been in existence prior to the new policy, and multiple economic processes. Consequently, the behavior or resource users, private firms, government officials at multiple levels will differ substantially. Thus, livelihood and sustainability outcomes will tend to differ substantially from one location to another.
- Who talks with whom? The role of repeated interactions in decentralized forest governanceAndersson, Krister P. (Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier Ltd., 2004)Study of the effectiveness of decentralization in Bolivia. It finds that the likelihood of success is partly explained by the degree of connectivity between the various actors in the local governance system.