Browsing by Author "Andrews, Heather"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    Evaluating invasion risk and population dynamics of the brown marmorated stink bug across the contiguous United States
    Illán, Javier Gutierrez; Zhu, Gengping; Walgenbach, James F.; Acebes-Doria, Angel; Agnello, Arthur M.; Alston, Diane G.; Andrews, Heather; Beers, Elisabeth H.; Bergh, J. Christopher; Bessin, Ricardo T.; Blaauw, Brett R.; Buntin, G. David; Burkness, Erik C.; Cullum, John P.; Daane, Kent M.; Fann, Lauren E.; Fisher, Joanna; Girod, Pierre; Gut, Larry J.; Hamilton, George C.; Hepler, James R.; Hilton, Richard; Hoelmer, Kim A.; Hutchison, William D.; Jentsch, Peter J.; Joseph, Shimat V.; Kennedy, George G.; Krawczyk, Grzegorz; Kuhar, Thomas P.; Lee, Jana C.; Leskey, Tracy C.; Marshal, Adrian T.; Milnes, Joshua M.; Nielsen, Anne L.; Patel, Dilani K.; Peterson, Hillary D.; Reisig, Dominic D.; Rijal, Jhalendra P.; Sial, Ashfaq A.; Spears, Lori R.; Stahl, Judith M.; Tatman, Kathy M.; Taylor, Sally V.; Tillman, Glynn; Toews, Michael D.; Villanueva, Raul T.; Welty, Celeste; Wiman, Nik G.; Wilson, Julianna K.; Zalom, Frank G.; Crowder, David W. (Wiley, 2022-11-01)
    BACKGROUND: Invasive species threaten the productivity and stability of natural and managed ecosystems. Predicting the spread of invaders, which can aid in early mitigation efforts, is a major challenge, especially in the face of climate change. While ecological niche models are effective tools to assess habitat suitability for invaders, such models have rarely been created for invasive pest species with rapidly expanding ranges. Here, we leveraged a national monitoring effort from 543 sites over 3 years to assess factors mediating the occurrence and abundance of brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB, Halyomorpha halys), an invasive insect pest that has readily established throughout much of the United States. RESULTS: We used maximum entropy models to estimate the suitable habitat of BMSB under several climate scenarios, and generalized boosted models to assess environmental factors that regulated BMSB abundance. Our models captured BMSB distribution and abundance with high accuracy, and predicted a 70% increase in suitable habitat under future climate scenarios. However, environmental factors that mediated the geographical distribution of BMSB were different from those driving abundance. While BMSB occurrence was most affected by winter precipitation and proximity to populated areas, BMSB abundance was influenced most strongly by evapotranspiration and solar photoperiod. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that linking models of establishment (occurrence) and population dynamics (abundance) offers a more effective way to forecast the spread and impact of BMSB and other invasive species than simply occurrence-based models, allowing for targeted mitigation efforts. Implications of distribution shifts under climate change are discussed.
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    Indigenous arthropod natural enemies of the invasive brown marmorated stink bug in North America and Europe
    Abram, Paul K.; Hoelmer, Kim A.; Acebes-Doria, Angelita L.; Andrews, Heather; Beers, Elizabeth H.; Bergh, J. Christopher; Bessin, Ric; Biddinger, David J.; Botch, Paul; Buffington, Matthew L.; Cornelius, Mary L.; Costi, Elena; Delfosse, Ernest S.; Dieckhoff, Christine; Dobson, Rachelyn; Donais, Zachary; Grieshop, Matthew; Hamilton, George; Haye, Tim; Hedstrom, Christopher; Herlihy, Megan V.; Hoddle, Mark S.; Hooks, Cerruti R. R.; Jentsch, Peter; Joshi, Neelendra K.; Kuhar, Thomas P.; Lara, Jesus; Lee, Jana C.; Legrand, Ana; Leskey, Tracy C.; Lowenstein, David; Maistrello, Lara; Mathews, Clarissa R.; Milnes, Joshua M.; Morrison, William R. III; Nielsen, Anne L.; Ogburn, Emily C.; Pickett, Charles H.; Poley, Kristin; Pote, John; Radl, James; Shrewsbury, Paula M.; Talamas, Elijah; Tavella, Luciana; Walgenbach, James F.; Waterworth, Rebeccah; Weber, Donald C.; Welty, Celeste; Wiman, Nik G. (2017-09)
    Since the establishment of the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stal) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in North America and Europe, there has been a large, multi-group effort to characterize the composition and impact of the indigenous community of arthropod natural enemies attacking this invasive pest. In this review, we combine 98 indigenous natural enemy datasets spanning a variety of sampling methods, habitats, and geographic areas. To date, the vast majority of H. halys biological control research has focused on the egg stage, using sentinel egg masses to characterize indigenous parasitoid and predator communities and their contribution to H. halys egg mortality. Although egg parasitism and predation levels by indigenous natural enemies are low (typically <10% each) in most surveys, total egg mortality attributable to natural enemies can be higher (typically between 5 and 25%; up to 83%)-even though these values were likely underestimated in most cases because some mortality due to biological control was not recognized. In North America, where the most data are available, it appears that the relative prevalence of different indigenous parasitoid species varies among habitat types, particularly between crop and non-crop habitats. Predator species responsible for egg mortality are much less commonly identified, but appear to include a wide variety of generalist chewing and sucking predators. To date, studies of natural enemies attacking H. halys nymphs and adults are relatively rare. Based on our review, we identify a number of key research gaps and suggest several directions for future research.
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    The Minute Pirate Bug (Orius)
    Andrews, Heather; Kuhar, Thomas P. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2003-10-08)
    This publication reviews the minute pirate bug (Orius) including a description, lifecycle, feeding habits, habitat, and control.
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    The Minute Pirate Bug (Orius)
    Alford, Adam M.; Andrews, Heather; Kuhar, Thomas P. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2019-03-18)
    Reviews the minute pirate bug (Orius) including a description, life cycle, feeding habits, habitat, and control.
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    Monitoring and management of thrips populations in vegetables, row crops, and greenhouse crops in Virginia
    Andrews, Heather (Virginia Tech, 2011-03-03)
    Thrips are pests in a variety of crops and are responsible for millions of dollars in damage worldwide. In Virginia there are a few key thrips species that cause a large portion of damage to both vegetable and floricultural crops. Three prominent pests include Frankliniella tritici (Fitch), Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), and Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). Significant yield losses in row crops such as cotton, peanuts and vegetables have been attributed to feeding and oviposition of these insects in high densities. In addition, both F. fusca and F. occidentalis can transmit plant pathogenic tospoviruses, such as tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), in certain susceptible crops. While all of these thrips species are difficult to detect due to their cryptic lifestyles, F. occidentalis is a particularly challenging pest to manage due to its resistance to many insecticides commonly used for thrips treatment. Early spring weeds were sampled for the presence of F. occidentalis in 2008 and 2009 in eastern Virginia. Weed samples consisted of mustard, henbit and wild radish and were collected from several different sites on the Eastern Shore of Virginia. During the summer of 2008, 2009 and 2010 various agroecosystems were sampled for the relative incidence of F. occidentalis. Overall, thrips numbers were very low in weed samples. F. occidentalis was detected in early spring weed samples in 2009 at a few of the sites sampled. In nearly every habitat, the species composition was dominated by F. fusca and F. tritici, with F. occidentalis occurring in very low numbers. Two different lures were evaluated in their ability to attract Frankliniella spp. thrips. The lures included Chemtica P-178 floral kairomone (AgBio Inc., Westminster, CO), a floral iii kairomone lure composed of a proprietary floral compound mixture, and ThriplineAMS (Syngenta Bioline Ltd., Oxnard, CA) pheromone lure, containing the aggregation pheromone of F. occidentalis. In spring 2009 and 2010 lure experiments were conducted in several different agroecosystems including: a tomato and potato field in Painter, VA, a cotton and peanut field in Suffolk, VA, and grass fields near a greenhouse in Virginia Beach, VA, and a high tunnel in Chesapeake, VA, as well as within these structures. Baited and non-baited sticky cards were arranged in a completely randomized design, with a pan trap located in the center of each plot. Traps were collected approximately twice weekly. F. fusca numbers were low and catches on sticky cards were not significantly affected by either lure. Sticky cards baited with the kairomone caught more flower thrips than traps baited with the pheromone, or the non-baited traps, especially when thrips numbers were high. Several biologically derived insecticides including: essential oils, spinetoram, spinosad, pyrethrins, and azadirachtin, were evaluated in their efficacy against thrips in several different crops. Randomized complete block design experiments were carried out in: tomatoes, snap beans, collards, soybeans, cotton and peanuts grown in several locations in southeastern Virginia in 2009 and 2010. Both spinetoram and spinosad reduced thrips numbers the most effectively compared with the untreated control. Peanut and cotton treated with spinosad, and treatments containing spinetoram suffered less thrips injury compared with the control, and yield was higher in cotton plots treated with spinetoram.
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    Refining Pheromone Lures for the Invasive Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Through Collaborative Trials in the United States and Europe
    Leskey, Tracy C.; Andrews, Heather; Bady, Angelika; Benvenuto, Luca; Bernardinelli, Iris; Blaauw, Brett R.; Bortolotti, Pier Paolo; Bosco, Lara; Di Bella, Emanuele; Hamilton, George; Kuhar, Thomas P.; Ludwick, Dalton; Maistrello, Lara; Malossini, Giorgio; Nannini, Roberta; Nixon, Laura J.; Pasqualini, Edison; Preti, Michele; Short, Brent D.; Spears, Lori; Tavella, Luciana; Vetek, Gabor; Wiman, Nik (2021-08)
    Brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, is native to Asia and has invaded North America and Europe inflicting serious agricultural damage to specialty and row crops. Tools to monitor the spread of H. halys include traps baited with the two-component aggregation pheromone (PHER), (3S,6S,7R,10S)-10,11-epoxy-1-bisabolen-3-ol and (3R,6S,7R,10S)-10,11-epoxy-1-bisabolen-3-ol, and pheromone synergist, methyl (2E,4E,6Z)-decatrienoate (MDT). Here, an international team of researchers conducted trials aimed at evaluating prototype commercial lures for H. halys to establish relative attractiveness of: 1) low and high loading rates of PHER and MDT for monitoring tools and attract and kill tactics; 2) polyethylene lure delivery substrates; and 3) the inclusion of ethyl (2E,4E,6Z)-decatrieonate (EDT), a compound that enhances captures when combined with PHER in lures. In general, PHER loading rate had a greater impact on overall trap captures compared with loading of MDT, but reductions in PHER loading and accompanying lower trap captures could be offset by increasing loading of MDT. As MDT is less expensive to produce, these findings enable reduced production costs. Traps baited with lures containing PHER and EDT resulted in numerically increased captures when EDT was loaded at a high rate, but captures were not significantly greater than those traps baited with lures containing standard PHER and MDT. Experimental polyethylene vial dispensers did not outperform standard lure dispensers; trap captures were significantly lower in most cases. Ultimately, these results will enable refinement of commercially available lures for H. halys to balance attraction and sensitivity with production cost.
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    Season-Long Monitoring of the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Throughout the United States Using Commercially Available Traps and Lures
    Acebes-Doria, Angelita L.; Agnello, Arthur M.; Alston, Diane G.; Andrews, Heather; Beers, Elizabeth H.; Bergh, J. Christopher; Bessin, Ric; Blaauw, Brett R.; Buntin, G. David; Burkness, Eric C.; Chen, Shi; Cottrell, Ted E.; Daane, Kent M.; Fann, Lauren E.; Fleischer, Shelby J.; Guedot, Christelle; Gut, Larry J.; Hamilton, George C.; Hilton, Richard; Hoelmer, Kim A.; Hutchison, William D.; Jentsch, Peter; Krawczyk, Greg; Kuhar, Thomas P.; Lee, Jana C.; Milnes, Joshua M.; Nielsen, Anne L.; Patel, Dilani K.; Short, Brent D.; Sial, Ashfaq A.; Spears, Lori R.; Tatman, Kathy; Toews, Michael D.; Walgenbach, James D.; Welty, Celeste; Wiman, Nik G.; Van Zoeren, Janet; Leskey, Tracy C. (2020-02)
    Reliable monitoring of the invasive Halyomorpha halys abundance, phenology and geographic distribution is critical for its management. Halyomorpha halys adult and nymphal captures on clear sticky traps and in black pyramid traps were compared in 18 states across the Great Lakes, Mid-Atlantic, Southeast, Pacific Northwest and Western regions of the United States. Traps were baited with commercial lures containing the H. halys pheromone and synergist, and deployed at field sites bordering agricultural or urban locations with H. halys host plants. Nymphal and adult captures in pyramid traps were greater than those on sticky traps, but captures were positively correlated between the two trap types within each region and during the early-, mid- and late season across all sites. Sites were further classified as having a low, moderate or high relative H. halys density and again showed positive correlations between captures for the two trap types for nymphs and adults. Among regions, the greatest adult captures were recorded in the Southeast and Mid-Atlantic on pyramid and sticky traps, respectively, with lowest captures recorded in the West. Nymphal captures, while lower than adult captures, were greatest in the Southeast and lowest in the West. Nymphal and adult captures were, generally, greatest during July-August and September-October, respectively. Trapping data were compared with available phenological models showing comparable population peaks at most locations. Results demonstrated that sticky traps offer a simpler alternative to pyramid traps, but both can be reliable tools to monitor H. halys in different geographical locations with varying population densities throughout the season.