Browsing by Author "Appleton, Bonnie Lee, 1948-2012"
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- 24 Ways to Kill a TreeAppleton, Bonnie Lee, 1948-2012 (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2009-05-01)Few residential trees die of old age. Mechanical damage and improper tree care kill more trees than any insects or diseases. This publication shows 24 ways to void making the tree-damaging mistake. Few of these items alone would kill a tree, but multiple problems will certainly stress, and could eventually kill, a tree.
- Air PollutionAppleton, Bonnie Lee, 1948-2012; Koci, Joel; Harris, Roger; Sevebeck, Kathryn P.; Alleman, Dawn; Swanson, Lynette (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2009-05-01)This publication reviews the major phytotoxic air pollutants, in decreasing order of severity, they include oxidants, sulfur dioxide, and particulates. Topics also include the connection between weather and air pollution and a section on diagnosing air pollution damage to trees.
- Air PollutionAppleton, Bonnie Lee, 1948-2012; Koci, Joel (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2020-08-10)Conditions in urban environments place trees under numerous stresses including compacted soil, soil moisture extremes, and reduced soil fertility. Polluted air is another stress that contributes to the decline of urban trees. Air pollution may cause short-term (acute) damage, which is immediately visible, and long-term (chronic) damage, which can lead to gradual tree decline. Long-term damage may predispose trees to other disorders, making diagnosis difficult. The major phytotoxic (toxic to plants) air pollutants, in decreasing order of severity, are: oxidants [ozone and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN)],sulfur dioxide , and particulates
- Air pollutionAppleton, Bonnie Lee, 1948-2012; Koci, Joel (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2000)
- America's Anniversary Garden. Bulbs for a Red, White, and Blue Spring GardenAppleton, Bonnie Lee, 1948-2012; Maurer, Elizabeth; Latimer, Joyce G.; Close, David; DuBois, Leanne (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2009-05-01)Virginia Cooperative Extension (VCE) has developed the America's Anniversary Garden to help individuals, communities, and groups mark America's 400th Anniversary with a signature garden planting. The signature gardens will have red, white, and blue color schemes and will be promoted and marketed throughout the state and beyond.
- America's Anniversary Garden. Native PlantsDuBois, Leanne; Latimer, Joyce G.; Appleton, Bonnie Lee, 1948-2012; Close, David (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2009-05-01)Virginia Cooperative Extension (VCE) has developed the America's Anniversary Garden to help individuals, communities, and groups mark America's 400th Anniversary with a signature garden planting. The signature gardens will have red, white, and blue color schemes and will be promoted and marketed throughout the state and beyond.
- Effects of Soil Amendments and Biostimulants on the Post-transplant Growth of Landscape TreesKelting, Matthew P. (Virginia Tech, 1997-02-07)Use of soil amendments at planting is one of the time-honored traditions in horticulture, although their effectiveness has been questioned by many. Recently, humate and humate-based products, generally known as biostimulants, have been marketed to increase transplant success. In this study, three experiments were conducted to examine the effects of soil amendments and biostimulants on post-transplant growth of landscape trees. The first experiment, conducted in a greenhouse, determined the effects of several biostimulant treatments (granular humate, water-soluble humate, liquid humate, liquid humate+ = humic acid, hormones, and vitamins) and fertilizer levels (low, medium, high) on the growth of container-grown Corylus colurna L. (Turkish hazelnut) seedlings. Biostimulants did not increase top growth compared to control treatments, but root growth was increased by granular humate at a medium fertilizer rate. The second experiment examined the effects of biostimulants (granular humate, water-soluble humate, liquid humate+) on the post-transplant root growth and sap-flow of landscape-sized balled and burlapped Acer rubrum L. (red maple) grown in root observation compartments (rhizotrons). Biostimulants did not increase root growth over control treatments, but sap-flow was increased. The third experiment, conducted in the field (Groseclose silt loam soil) investigated the effects of soil amendments (peat, and compost) and biostimulants (granular humate, and liquid humate+) on the post-transplant growth of Crataegus phaenopyrum (Blume) Hara (Washington hawthorn) and red maple transplanted bare-root, and grown under combinations of irrigated vs non-irrigated and fertilized-at-planting vs non-fertilized-at-planting regimes. Hawthorn controls generally had less top growth than the other soil treatments as a whole. No soil treatment was higher than control for top growth of red maple. However, root growth of red maple was highest in the peat-treated trees. Stem diameter and dry mass for the control and compost treatments were higher than the biostimulant treatments in irrigated plots, but no differences were observed in non-irrigated plots. Granular humate-treated trees resulted in higher stem diameter and dry mass than the liquid humate+-treated trees in non-irrigated plots. There were no effects of fertilizer, or irrigation on growth after two growing seasons for either species.
- Fertilizing Landscape Trees and ShrubsAppleton, Bonnie Lee, 1948-2012; Kauffman, Kathy; Close, David (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2016-02-18)Maintenance programs should be developed for trees and shrubs in both residential and commercial landscapes. This publication details a good maintenance program, which includes monitoring and controlling insect and disease problems, suppressing weed competition, and making timely applications of water, mulch, and fertilizer.
- Fertilizing Landscape Trees and ShrubsAppleton, Bonnie Lee, 1948-2012; Kauffman, Kathy (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2009-05-01)Tree and shrub fertilization is only one part of total plant maintenance. Fertilization may not benefit a plant if it is under stress from poor soil aeration or drainage, saturated soil, insufficient light or space, or excessive pest problems. All factors influencing plant growth should be kept at optimum levels to ensure plant vigor.
- Fertilizing landscape trees and shrubsAppleton, Bonnie Lee, 1948-2012 (Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, 1990)Good maintenance programs for trees and shrubs should include timely applications of fertilizer.
- Gardening and Your Health. Carpal TunnelAppleton, Bonnie Lee, 1948-2012; Predny, Mary Lorraine (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2009-05-01)Gardening with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) can be very difficult, especially when a long day of shoveling, raking, or weed pulling leaves you with a painful or "tingling" hand or wrist. This publication reviews the aches and pains are often caused in part by improper techniques or tools used in gardening.
- Gardening and Your Health. Protecting Your Hands and FeetAppleton, Bonnie Lee, 1948-2012; Predny, Mary Lorraine (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2009-05-01)The skin on hands and feet is like most ornamental plants. Neither likes the extremes of being dried out or kept too wet. Treat skin as tenderly as the most sensitive plants and safeguard your horticultural health.
- Gardening and Your Health. Summer HeatAppleton, Bonnie Lee, 1948-2012; Predny, Mary Lorraine (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2009-05-01)To understand how to reduce or minimize heat stress or heat-related illnesses, one must first understand what causes heat stress and when it is most likely to occur. The following are just some of the signs, symptoms, causes and treatments of these illnesses.
- Gardening and Your Health. Sunburn & Skin CancerAppleton, Bonnie Lee, 1948-2012; Predny, Mary Lorraine (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2009-05-01)Most people have suffered from at least one bad sunburn. Even if damage is not visible, skin cells mutate with each sun exposure. Over a lifetime these mutations may add up to cancer, a problem seen on gardeners who work unprotected in the sun. A severe sunburn is one of the biggest risk factors in getting a melanoma skin cancer.
- Gardening and Your Health: Carpal Tunnel SyndromeAlleman, Dawn; Appleton, Bonnie Lee, 1948-2012; Close, David; Gilland, Traci; McDaniel, Alan, 1948-; Predny, Mary Lorraine; Relf, Diane (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2017-06-05)Discusses ways of handling garden tools to lessen problems related to carpal tunnel syndrome.
- Groundwater quality and the use of lawn and garden chemicals by home ownersKerns, Waldon R.; Appleton, Bonnie Lee, 1948-2012 (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 1997)Discusses ways to have a productive garden or beautiful landscape without damaging the groundwater supply.
- Groundwater quality and the use of lawn and garden chemicals by home ownersKerns, Waldon R.; Appleton, Bonnie Lee, 1948-2012 (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 1991)Discusses ways to have a productive garden or beautiful landscape without damaging the groundwater supply.
- Groundwater Quality and the Use of Lawn and Garden Chemicals by HomeownersLatimer, Joyce G.; Goatley, Michael; Evanylo, Gregory K.; Hipkins, Patricia A.; Appleton, Bonnie Lee, 1948-2012 (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2009-05-01)Describes the importance of groundwater and of maintaining groundwater quality as well as explaining sources and mechanisms of groundwater contamination and how to control them.
- Growing Azaleas and RhododendronsRelf, Diane; Appleton, Bonnie Lee, 1948-2012; Close, David (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2015-03-30)This publication reviews important factors one should consider when buying and planting azaleas and rhododendrons including site selection, soil preparation, planting, maintenance, diseases, and varieties available.
- Growing Azaleas and RhododendronsRelf, Diane; Appleton, Bonnie Lee, 1948-2012 (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2009-05-01)This publication covers the physical and main features, plant needs, functions, care, and additional information for azaleas and rhododendrons.