Browsing by Author "Austin, Stephanie E."

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    Climate change adaptation to extreme heat: A global systematic review of implemented action
    Turek-Hankins, Lynee L.; Coughlan de Perez, Erin; Scarpa, Giulia; Ruiz-Diaz, Raquel; Schwerdtle, Patricia Nayna; Joe, Elphin Tom; Galappaththi, Eranga K.; French, Emma M.; Austin, Stephanie E.; Singh, Chandni; Sina, Mariella Z.; Siders, A. R.; van Aalst, Maarten K.; Templeman, Sienna; Nunbogu, Abraham Marshall; Berrang-Ford, Lea; Agrawal, Tanvi; Global Adaptation Mapping Initiative Team; Mach, Katharine J. (2021)
    Extreme heat events impact people and ecosystems across the globe, and they are becoming more frequent and intense in a warming climate. Responses to heat span sectors and geographic boundaries. Prior research has documented technologies or options that can be deployed to manage extreme heat and examples of how individuals, communities, governments and other stakeholder groups are adapting to heat. However, a comprehensive understanding of the current state of implemented heat adaptations—where, why, how and to what extent they are occurring—has not been established. Here, we combine data from the Global Adaptation Mapping Initiative with a heat-specific systematic review to analyze the global extent and diversity of documented heat adaptation actions (n¼301 peer-reviewed articles). Data from 98 countries suggest that documented heat adaptations fundamentally differ by geographic region and national income. In high-income, developed countries, heat is overwhelmingly treated as a health issue, particularly in urban areas. However, in low- and middleincome, developing countries, heat adaptations focus on agricultural and livelihood-based impacts, primarily considering heat as a compound hazard with drought and other hydrological hazards. 63% of the heat-adaptation articles feature individuals or communities autonomously adapting, highlighting how responses to date have largely consisted of coping strategies. The current global status of responses to intensifying extreme heat, largely autonomous and incremental yet widespread, establishes a foundation for informed decision-making as heat impacts around the world continue to increase.
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    The effects on public health of climate change adaptation responses: a systematic review of evidence from low- and middle-income countries
    Scheelbeek, Pauline F. D.; Dangour, Alan D.; Jarmul, Stephanie; Turner, Grace; Sietsma, Anne J.; Minx, Jan C.; Callaghan, Max; Ajibade, Idowu; Austin, Stephanie E.; Biesbroek, Robbert; Bowen, Kathryn J.; Chen, Tara; Davis, Katy; Ensor, Tim; Ford, James D.; Galappaththi, Eranga K.; Joe, Elphin T.; Musah-Surugu, Issah J.; Alverio, Gabriela Nagle; Schwerdtle, Patricia Nayna; Pokharel, Pratik; Salubi, Eunice A.; Scarpa, Giulia; Segnon, Alcade C.; Sina, Mariella; Templeman, Sienna; Xu, Jiren; Zavaleta-Cortijo, Carol; Berrang-Ford, Lea (IOP, 2021-07-01)
    Climate change adaptation responses are being developed and delivered in many parts of the world in the absence of detailed knowledge of their effects on public health. Here we present the results of a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature reporting the effects on health of climate change adaptation responses in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The review used the 'Global Adaptation Mapping Initiative' database (comprising 1682 publications related to climate change adaptation responses) that was constructed through systematic literature searches in Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar (2013-2020). For this study, further screening was performed to identify studies from LMICs reporting the effects on human health of climate change adaptation responses. Studies were categorised by study design and data were extracted on geographic region, population under investigation, type of adaptation response and reported health effects. The review identified 99 studies (1117 reported outcomes), reporting evidence from 66 LMICs. Only two studies were ex ante formal evaluations of climate change adaptation responses. Papers reported adaptation responses related to flooding, rainfall, drought and extreme heat, predominantly through behaviour change, and infrastructural and technological improvements. Reported (direct and intermediate) health outcomes included reduction in infectious disease incidence, improved access to water/sanitation and improved food security. All-cause mortality was rarely reported, and no papers were identified reporting on maternal and child health. Reported maladaptations were predominantly related to widening of inequalities and unforeseen co-harms. Reporting and publication-bias seems likely with only 3.5% of all 1117 health outcomes reported to be negative. Our review identified some evidence that climate change adaptation responses may have benefits for human health but the overall paucity of evidence is concerning and represents a major missed opportunity for learning. There is an urgent need for greater focus on the funding, design, evaluation and standardised reporting of the effects on health of climate change adaptation responses to enable evidence-based policy action.
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    A systematic global stocktake of evidence on human adaptation to climate change
    Berrang-Ford, Lea; Siders, A. R.; Lesnikowski, Alexandra; Fischer, Alexandra Paige; Callaghan, Max W.; Haddaway, Neal R.; Mach, Katharine J.; Araos, Malcolm; Shah, Mohammad Aminur Rahman; Wannewitz, Mia; Doshi, Deepal; Leiter, Timo; Matavel, Custodio; Musah-Surugu, Justice Issah; Wong-Parodi, Gabrielle; Antwi-Agyei, Philip; Ajibade, Idowu; Chauhan, Neha; Kakenmaster, William; Grady, Caitlin; Chalastani, Vasiliki I.; Jagannathan, Kripa; Galappaththi, Eranga K.; Sitati, Asha; Scarpa, Giulia; Totin, Edmond; Davis, Katy; Hamilton, Nikita Charles; Kirchhoff, Christine J.; Kumar, Praveen; Pentz, Brian; Simpson, Nicholas P.; Theokritoff, Emily; Deryng, Delphine; Reckien, Diana; Zavaleta-Cortijo, Carol; Ulibarri, Nicola; Segnon, Alcade C.; Khavhagali, Vhalinavho; Shang, Yuanyuan; Zvobgo, Luckson; Zommers, Zinta; Xu, Jiren; Williams, Portia Adade; Canosa, Ivan Villaverde; van Maanen, Nicole; van Bavel, Bianca; van Aalst, Maarten K.; Turek-Hankins, Lynee L.; Trivedi, Hasti; Trisos, Christopher H.; Thomas, Adelle; Thakur, Shinny; Templeman, Sienna; Stringer, Lindsay C.; Sotnik, Garry; Sjostrom, Kathryn Dana; Singh, Chandni; Sina, Mariella Z.; Shukla, Roopam; Sardans, Jordi; Salubi, Eunice A.; Chalkasra, Lolita Shaila Safaee; Ruiz-Diaz, Raquel; Richards, Carys; Pokharel, Pratik; Petzold, Jan; Penuelas, Josep; Avila, Julia Pelaez; Murillo, Julia B. Pazmino; Ouni, Souha; Niemann, Jennifer; Nielsen, Miriam; New, Mark; Schwerdtle, Patricia Nayna; Alverio, Gabriela Nagle; Mullin, Cristina A.; Mullenite, Joshua; Mosurska, Anuszka; Morecroft, Mike D.; Minx, Jan C.; Maskell, Gina; Nunbogu, Abraham Marshall; Magnan, Alexandre K.; Lwasa, Shuaib; Lukas-Sithole, Megan; Lissner, Tabea; Lilford, Oliver; Koller, Steven F.; Jurjonas, Matthew; Joe, Elphin Tom; Huynh, Lam TM M.; Hill, Avery; Hernandez, Rebecca R.; Hegde, Greeshma; Hawxwell, Tom; Harper, Sherilee L.; Harden, Alexandra; Haasnoot, Marjolijn; Gilmore, Elisabeth A.; Gichuki, Leah; Gatt, Alyssa; Garschagen, Matthias; Ford, James D.; Forbes, Andrew; Farrell, Aidan D.; Enquist, Carolyn AF F.; Elliott, Susan; Duncan, Emily; Coughlan de Perez, Erin; Coggins, Shaugn; Chen, Tara; Campbell, Donovan; Browne, Katherine E.; Bowen, Kathryn J.; Biesbroek, Robbert; Bhatt, Indra D.; Kerr, Rachel Bezner; Barr, Stephanie L.; Baker, Emily; Austin, Stephanie E.; Arotoma-Rojas, Ingrid; Anderson, Christa; Ajaz, Warda; Agrawal, Tanvi; Abu, Thelma Zulfawu (Nature Portfolio, 2021-10-28)
    Assessing global progress on human adaptation to climate change is an urgent priority. Although the literature on adaptation to climate change is rapidly expanding, little is known about the actual extent of implementation. We systematically screened >48,000 articles using machine learning methods and a global network of 126 researchers. Our synthesis of the resulting 1,682 articles presents a systematic and comprehensive global stocktake of implemented human adaptation to climate change. Documented adaptations were largely fragmented, local and incremental, with limited evidence of transformational adaptation and negligible evidence of risk reduction outcomes. We identify eight priorities for global adaptation research: assess the effectiveness of adaptation responses, enhance the understanding of limits to adaptation, enable individuals and civil society to adapt, include missing places, scholars and scholarship, understand private sector responses, improve methods for synthesizing different forms of evidence, assess the adaptation at different temperature thresholds, and improve the inclusion of timescale and the dynamics of responses.