Browsing by Author "Baer, Ronald G."

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    A morphological and systematic study of the first and second instars of the Kermesidae in the Nearctic region (Homoptera: Coccoidea)
    Baer, Ronald G. (Virginia Tech, 1978-08-01)
    The Cocco idea or scale insects are among the most important pests of sylvicultural, ornamental, agricultural and greenhouse plantings throughout the world. There are 21 families comprising 6,000 species. Direct injury occurs from the withdrawal of sap while feeding and from the production of galls. Some scale insects are host specific while others are polyphagous. They feed on many different parts of plants including the roots, trunk, stems, leaves, buds and fruit.
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    Studies on the morphology and systematics of scale insects. No. 12
    Bullington, Stephen W.; Kosztarab, Michael; Baer, Ronald G. (Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, 1985)
    The family Kermesidae in North America is revised for the first time, based on slide-mounted, newly-molted young adult females. Fifteen species are redescribed, four are synonymized, and four are described as new. A literature review is given for these and 14 other species for which slide-mounted specimens were not available. Two new genera, Allokermes and Nanokermes, are proposed and described, and with the genera Kermes and 01/iffiella a re placed in the family Kermesidae. The third instar of one species in each genus is described and illustrated. Keys are given to the genera, based on both third instar females and newly-molted adult females, and to the species in each genus. Known host plants and geographical distribution records are listed for each species. The brood chamber of Allokermes rattani Ehrhorn is described and illustrated, and the mechanism for the escape of the first instars from the brood chamber is illustrated. Using Hennig's (1965) method, the phylogenetic inter-relationships among the genera are determined.