Browsing by Author "Barkley, William A."
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- The determination of heat transfer characteristics for the improved design of a heat exchanger for a moving bed system composed of air and activated carbonBarkley, William A. (Virginia Polytechnic Institute, 1961)Hypersorption was recently developed by the Union Oil Company of California. The hypersorption process consists of a moving bed of an adsorbent passing counter currently to the gaseous flow. The gases are separated by selective adsorption. Of basic importance for successful operation is the heating of the adsorbent to obtain desorption. Considerable difficulty in achieving this transfer of heat is encountered because of the non-conducting nature of the adsorbent. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the heat transfer characteristics for the design of an improved heat exchanger for a moving bed system composed of air and activated carbon. This investigation was made studying the transfer of heat to five sizes of activated carbon, from 0.078 inches to fines, at flow rates of 2.2 to 11.0 pounds per hour. Steam at pressures of 15 to 75 pounds per square inch, gage, was used to heat the carbon moving through a three-quarter inch black iron pipe 36 inches long with an effective heating area of 0.65 square foot. The results of this investigation showed that the desorption of moisture in the activated carbon caused an unexpected break in the thermal conductivity curves between 200 and 220 °F, resulting in variable thermal conductivity-specific heat ratios. Rod-like flow was evidenced through e physical test, but poor correlation was observed between the date and the rod-like equation• The over·all heat transfer coefficient varied from one to three Btu per hour—square foot-°F per foot, increasing as the carbon flow rate and the Graetz number, KL/Wcp, increased.
- Equilibrium data for the system air-acetone-activated carbon at temperatures of 20,27 and 34 degrees C at atmospheric pressureBarkley, William A. (Virginia Polytechnic Institute, 1958)The use of activated carbon for removing color from organic solutions has been known since the seventeenth century. Industrial use of activated carbon as an adsorbent was not possible until 1900 because of inadequate temperature control equipment. Since that time activated carbon has found widespread application in industrial adsorption. The purpose of this investigation was to determine equilibrium data for the system air-acetone-activated carbon at temperatures of 20, 27, and 34ºC at atmospheric pressure. This investigation was carried out at temperatures of 20, 27, and 34ºC at atmospheric pressure, using acetone as the adsorbate and activated carbon as the adsorbent. The adsorption column used was a three inch O.D. pyrex glass column. The amount of adsorption was determined by measuring the change in length of a calibrated quartz spring with a cathetometer, using a constant flow rate of adsorbate. The results of this investigation showed that adsorption of the acetone in activated carbon increased as the concentration of the acetone in air increased, and that there was no significant difference in adsorption at the three test temperatures, 20, 27, and 34ºC, The use of a narrow temperature range and a non-porous bucket for holding the adsorbent is noted. Temperatures above room temperature were not obtainable because of acetone condensation on the quartz spring and bucket.
- Evaluation of parameters affecting the colloidal destabilization of spent vegetable tannin liquorBarkley, William A. (Virginia Tech, 1970-08-05)The overall objective of this investigation was to develop a chemical method for treating spent vegetable tannin liquor. Vegetable tannin wastes are plagued by a multitude of undesirable characteristics, principal of which is a color problem. Historically, chemical coagulation processes have been successful in reducing color associated with industrial wastes. The coagulants tested were aluminum sulfate and polyelectrolytes. In addition, the pH and the time interval between aluminum ion and polyelegtrolyte addition were studied. Considerable difficulty was encountered in obtaining a waste product of uniform characteristics over an extended period. This problem was solved by storing a large quantity of waste of typical properties at temperatures near zero degrees centigrade.