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Browsing by Author "Bazzarre, Terry Lee"

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    The effect of early nutrition and activity levels on the development of obesity in rats
    Bazzarre, Terry Lee (Virginia Tech, 1973-11-06)
    This investigation was undertaken to study the effects of feeding two levels of caloric density factorially with two levels of activity on the growth rate and body composition of male weanling pups from 25 to 67 days of age. The effects of ad libitum feeding the dams of these pups the same two diets during gestation and lactation on the growth rates and activity levels of these pups were also examined. Following weaning, the pups in both Studies A and B, were placed by weight in outcome groups of four each. The pups in each outcome group were then randomly assigned to one of the following four treatments: I - high-fat diet, spontaneous exercise; II - high-fat diet, restricted exercise; III - chow diet, spontaneous exercise; IV - chow diet, restricted exercise. The pups whose dams were given the 60% fat ration during gestation and lactation (B) attained a higher weaning weight (73 g) than the pups of the dams fed a 4.5% fat ration (Purina Chow) during gestation and lactation - A (55 g). The final body dimensions (length and width) did not appear to be different (Tables IV and V). Pups in Study B tended to run considerably more meters per day than the pups in Study A although the differences were uncertain because of the wide variation. The final body weights attained were greater for the pups in Study B than the pups in Study A except for treatment I. Except for treatment I, the Except for treatment I, the order of the weight gains within treatments among experiments was comparable. It appeared that the differences in final body weight attained could be attributed to the initial differences present at weaning which reflected the dietary treatments of the dams during gestation and lactation. The difference of treatment I in Study B from the trends exhibited by the other three treatments, was manifest by the lower final body weight attained (246.25 ± 9 g) and the lower total weight gain (170.77 ± 8 g) of Study A. The animals in Study B all consumed a greater number of kcal per day than the animals in the corresponding treatments in Study A. The differences in feed consumption between the two experiments appeared to be significant only for those animals receiving the 60%-fat diet.
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    Growth hormone metabolism in hypopituitary subjects and young, middle-aged and elderly normal subjects
    Bazzarre, Terry Lee (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1975)
    The purpose of these studies was to determine if human growth hormone (hGH) metabolism declines with advancing age. Twenty-two subjects' responses to the hGH provocative tests of exercise, L-DOPA, and insulin, hGH peak concentrations during sleep, and 24-hour integrated concentrations (ICGH) during a control period and following intramuscular administration of 0.168 U hGH/ kg Bw3/4/day were examined. Metabolic responses of 17 of these subjects were examined before and after hGH by measuring urinary excretion of creatinine, calcium, hydroxyproline and nitrogen. Subjects were divided into the following groups: (I) 6 hypopituitary subjects 9 - 29 years old; (II) 4 men 23.,...29 years old; (III) 6 middle-aged men 35 - 51 years ol.d; and (IV) 6 elderly subjects 61 - 69 years old. Metabolic balance studies consisted of a 3 day adjustment period followed by a 5 day control period and a 5 day hGH administration period during which subjects were fed a constant, low hydroxyproline diet. No hypopituitary subject exhibited a hGH concentration above 2 ng/ml at any time except following hGH administration, their mean ICGH increased from less than 2 ng/ ml to 5. 2 ng/ ml. Group II had the greatest mean hGH concentrations - 22 ng/ ml following exercise, 23 ng/ ml post L-DOPA, 30 ng/ ml post insulin, 21 ng/ ml during sleep and 3.5 ng/ ml control period 24-hour ICGH - to all tests except the ICGH, 3. 7 ng/ ml, following hGH administration. ICGH increased from less than 2 ng/ ml for all subjects in groups III and IV to 4.3 ng/ ml for one subject in group III and to a mean of 3. 7 ng/ ml for group IV. Mean hGH concentrations of 4 and 3 ng/ ml following exercise, . '5 and 11 ng/ ml post L-DOPA and 29 and 15 ng/ ml post insulin for groups III and IV respectively were intermediate between groups I and II. HGH concentrations above 5 ng/ ml were observed in only one subject in group III or IV during sleep. Mean daily creatinine, calci1um, hydroxyproline and nitrogen excretion for group I.I and for creatinine and hydroxyproline excretion for groups I and IV were not statistically different during hGH administration from the control period. C4lcium excretion increased significantly from 2.91 to 6.31 mg/ kg BW/ day in group I and from 2.91 to 3.97 mg/ kg BW/ day in group IV following hGH administration. Nitrogen excretion decreased significantly from 137 to 99 ng/ kg BW/ day in group I and from 119 to 96 mg/ kg BW/ day in group IV following hGH administration. These differences suggest a decline in hGH metabolism with age resulting from decreased circulating hGH, decreased response to hGH stimuli, fewer receptor sites at the tissue level for active hormone, or because of decreased hGH dependent-stimulation of somatomedin synthesis. Statistically different rates of calcium and nitrogen excretion during hGH administration associated with a statistical decrease in I I I circulating hGH in the elderly suggests the development of a type of functional hypopituitarism .as a consequence of aging.