Browsing by Author "Berger, Gregory L."

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Conversion of deoxynivalenol to 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol in barley derived fuel ethanol co-products with yeast expressing trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferases
    Khatibi, Piyum A.; Montanti, Justin; Nghiem, Nhuan P.; Hicks, Kevin B.; Berger, Gregory L.; Brooks, Wynse S.; Griffey, Carl A.; Schmale, David G. III (2011-09-02)
    Background The trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) may be concentrated in distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS; a co-product of fuel ethanol fermentation) when grain containing DON is used to produce fuel ethanol. Even low levels of DON (≤ 5 ppm) in DDGS sold as feed pose a significant threat to the health of monogastric animals. New and improved strategies to reduce DON in DDGS need to be developed and implemented to address this problem. Enzymes known as trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferases convert DON to 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3ADON), and may reduce its toxicity in plants and animals. Results Two Fusarium trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferases (FgTRI101 and FfTRI201) were cloned and expressed in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) during a series of small-scale ethanol fermentations using barley (Hordeum vulgare). DON was concentrated 1.6 to 8.2 times in DDGS compared with the starting ground grain. During the fermentation process, FgTRI101 converted 9.2% to 55.3% of the DON to 3ADON, resulting in DDGS with reductions in DON and increases in 3ADON in the Virginia winter barley cultivars Eve, Thoroughbred and Price, and the experimental line VA06H-25. Analysis of barley mashes prepared from the barley line VA04B-125 showed that yeast expressing FfTRI201 were more effective at acetylating DON than those expressing FgTRI101; DON conversion for FfTRI201 ranged from 26.1% to 28.3%, whereas DON conversion for FgTRI101 ranged from 18.3% to 21.8% in VA04B-125 mashes. Ethanol yields were highest with the industrial yeast strain Ethanol Red®, which also consumed galactose when present in the mash. Conclusions This study demonstrates the potential of using yeast expressing a trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase to modify DON during commercial fuel ethanol fermentation.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Registration of 'Secretariat' Winter Barley
    Griffey, Carl A.; Brooks, Wynse S.; Vaughn, Mark E.; Berger, Gregory L.; Thomason, Wade E.; Pitman, Robert M.; Malla, Subas; Seago, John E.; Dunaway, David W.; Rucker, Elizabeth; Behl, Harry D.; Browning, Phillip; Schmale, David G. III; McMaster, Nicole J.; Hardiman, Thomas H.; Custis, J. Tommy; Starner, David Eugene; Gulick, Steve; Ashburn, S. Bobby; Jones, E. H.; Marshall, David; Fountain, Myron O.; Tuong, Tan Duy; Kurantz, Michael J.; Moreau, Robert A.; Hicks, Kevin B. (2016-08-30)
    ‘Secretariat’ (Reg. No. CV-359, PI 673931) is a six-row hulled winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) developed by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station and released in May 2014. Secretariat, formerly designated VA08B-85, was derived from the cross VA00B-199/VA00B-259 and developed using a modified bulk breeding method. It was evaluated from 2012 to 2015 in the Virginia Official Variety Trials at five to six locations. Secretariat’s average grain yield (5907 kg ha−1) was higher than the check cultivars ‘Atlantic’, ‘Price’, ‘Callao’, ‘Nomini’, and ‘Wysor’ and similar to ‘Thoroughbred’. Average grain volume weight of Secretariat (61.1 kg hL−1) was similar to Thoroughbred, Atlantic, Price, and Callao and higher than Nomini and Wysor. Head emergence of Secretariat is 6 d earlier than the predominant cultivar Thoroughbred. Earlier maturity is a primary factor determining whether barley or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is used in double-cropping systems with soybean [Glycine max (Merr.) L.]. Grain of Secretariat produced an average starch concentration (56.9%) that was higher than Price and Callao, similar to Atlantic, but lower than Thoroughbred. Secretariat provides barley producers and end users in the eastern United States with a high-yielding, widely adapted, early-maturing winter barley cultivar that has good grain quality and is highly resistant to leaf rust (caused by Puccinia hordei G. Otth) and powdery mildew [caused by Blumeria graminis (DC.) E.O. Speer f. sp. hordei Em. Marchal].