Browsing by Author "Blaauw, Brett R."

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    2020 Southeast Regional Bunch Grape Integrated Management Guide. Southern Region Small Fruit Consortium Bull. 46
    Nita, Mizuho; Brannen, Phil; Villani, S.; Hansen, Z.; Burrack, Hannah J.; Pfeiffer, Douglas G.; Blaauw, Brett R.; MItchem, W.; Lockwood, D.; Menjak, M. T. (2020-04)
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    Evaluating invasion risk and population dynamics of the brown marmorated stink bug across the contiguous United States
    Illán, Javier Gutierrez; Zhu, Gengping; Walgenbach, James F.; Acebes-Doria, Angel; Agnello, Arthur M.; Alston, Diane G.; Andrews, Heather; Beers, Elisabeth H.; Bergh, J. Christopher; Bessin, Ricardo T.; Blaauw, Brett R.; Buntin, G. David; Burkness, Erik C.; Cullum, John P.; Daane, Kent M.; Fann, Lauren E.; Fisher, Joanna; Girod, Pierre; Gut, Larry J.; Hamilton, George C.; Hepler, James R.; Hilton, Richard; Hoelmer, Kim A.; Hutchison, William D.; Jentsch, Peter J.; Joseph, Shimat V.; Kennedy, George G.; Krawczyk, Grzegorz; Kuhar, Thomas P.; Lee, Jana C.; Leskey, Tracy C.; Marshal, Adrian T.; Milnes, Joshua M.; Nielsen, Anne L.; Patel, Dilani K.; Peterson, Hillary D.; Reisig, Dominic D.; Rijal, Jhalendra P.; Sial, Ashfaq A.; Spears, Lori R.; Stahl, Judith M.; Tatman, Kathy M.; Taylor, Sally V.; Tillman, Glynn; Toews, Michael D.; Villanueva, Raul T.; Welty, Celeste; Wiman, Nik G.; Wilson, Julianna K.; Zalom, Frank G.; Crowder, David W. (Wiley, 2022-11-01)
    BACKGROUND: Invasive species threaten the productivity and stability of natural and managed ecosystems. Predicting the spread of invaders, which can aid in early mitigation efforts, is a major challenge, especially in the face of climate change. While ecological niche models are effective tools to assess habitat suitability for invaders, such models have rarely been created for invasive pest species with rapidly expanding ranges. Here, we leveraged a national monitoring effort from 543 sites over 3 years to assess factors mediating the occurrence and abundance of brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB, Halyomorpha halys), an invasive insect pest that has readily established throughout much of the United States. RESULTS: We used maximum entropy models to estimate the suitable habitat of BMSB under several climate scenarios, and generalized boosted models to assess environmental factors that regulated BMSB abundance. Our models captured BMSB distribution and abundance with high accuracy, and predicted a 70% increase in suitable habitat under future climate scenarios. However, environmental factors that mediated the geographical distribution of BMSB were different from those driving abundance. While BMSB occurrence was most affected by winter precipitation and proximity to populated areas, BMSB abundance was influenced most strongly by evapotranspiration and solar photoperiod. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that linking models of establishment (occurrence) and population dynamics (abundance) offers a more effective way to forecast the spread and impact of BMSB and other invasive species than simply occurrence-based models, allowing for targeted mitigation efforts. Implications of distribution shifts under climate change are discussed.
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    Refining Pheromone Lures for the Invasive Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Through Collaborative Trials in the United States and Europe
    Leskey, Tracy C.; Andrews, Heather; Bady, Angelika; Benvenuto, Luca; Bernardinelli, Iris; Blaauw, Brett R.; Bortolotti, Pier Paolo; Bosco, Lara; Di Bella, Emanuele; Hamilton, George; Kuhar, Thomas P.; Ludwick, Dalton; Maistrello, Lara; Malossini, Giorgio; Nannini, Roberta; Nixon, Laura J.; Pasqualini, Edison; Preti, Michele; Short, Brent D.; Spears, Lori; Tavella, Luciana; Vetek, Gabor; Wiman, Nik (2021-08)
    Brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, is native to Asia and has invaded North America and Europe inflicting serious agricultural damage to specialty and row crops. Tools to monitor the spread of H. halys include traps baited with the two-component aggregation pheromone (PHER), (3S,6S,7R,10S)-10,11-epoxy-1-bisabolen-3-ol and (3R,6S,7R,10S)-10,11-epoxy-1-bisabolen-3-ol, and pheromone synergist, methyl (2E,4E,6Z)-decatrienoate (MDT). Here, an international team of researchers conducted trials aimed at evaluating prototype commercial lures for H. halys to establish relative attractiveness of: 1) low and high loading rates of PHER and MDT for monitoring tools and attract and kill tactics; 2) polyethylene lure delivery substrates; and 3) the inclusion of ethyl (2E,4E,6Z)-decatrieonate (EDT), a compound that enhances captures when combined with PHER in lures. In general, PHER loading rate had a greater impact on overall trap captures compared with loading of MDT, but reductions in PHER loading and accompanying lower trap captures could be offset by increasing loading of MDT. As MDT is less expensive to produce, these findings enable reduced production costs. Traps baited with lures containing PHER and EDT resulted in numerically increased captures when EDT was loaded at a high rate, but captures were not significantly greater than those traps baited with lures containing standard PHER and MDT. Experimental polyethylene vial dispensers did not outperform standard lure dispensers; trap captures were significantly lower in most cases. Ultimately, these results will enable refinement of commercially available lures for H. halys to balance attraction and sensitivity with production cost.
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    Season-Long Monitoring of the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Throughout the United States Using Commercially Available Traps and Lures
    Acebes-Doria, Angelita L.; Agnello, Arthur M.; Alston, Diane G.; Andrews, Heather; Beers, Elizabeth H.; Bergh, J. Christopher; Bessin, Ric; Blaauw, Brett R.; Buntin, G. David; Burkness, Eric C.; Chen, Shi; Cottrell, Ted E.; Daane, Kent M.; Fann, Lauren E.; Fleischer, Shelby J.; Guedot, Christelle; Gut, Larry J.; Hamilton, George C.; Hilton, Richard; Hoelmer, Kim A.; Hutchison, William D.; Jentsch, Peter; Krawczyk, Greg; Kuhar, Thomas P.; Lee, Jana C.; Milnes, Joshua M.; Nielsen, Anne L.; Patel, Dilani K.; Short, Brent D.; Sial, Ashfaq A.; Spears, Lori R.; Tatman, Kathy; Toews, Michael D.; Walgenbach, James D.; Welty, Celeste; Wiman, Nik G.; Van Zoeren, Janet; Leskey, Tracy C. (2020-02)
    Reliable monitoring of the invasive Halyomorpha halys abundance, phenology and geographic distribution is critical for its management. Halyomorpha halys adult and nymphal captures on clear sticky traps and in black pyramid traps were compared in 18 states across the Great Lakes, Mid-Atlantic, Southeast, Pacific Northwest and Western regions of the United States. Traps were baited with commercial lures containing the H. halys pheromone and synergist, and deployed at field sites bordering agricultural or urban locations with H. halys host plants. Nymphal and adult captures in pyramid traps were greater than those on sticky traps, but captures were positively correlated between the two trap types within each region and during the early-, mid- and late season across all sites. Sites were further classified as having a low, moderate or high relative H. halys density and again showed positive correlations between captures for the two trap types for nymphs and adults. Among regions, the greatest adult captures were recorded in the Southeast and Mid-Atlantic on pyramid and sticky traps, respectively, with lowest captures recorded in the West. Nymphal captures, while lower than adult captures, were greatest in the Southeast and lowest in the West. Nymphal and adult captures were, generally, greatest during July-August and September-October, respectively. Trapping data were compared with available phenological models showing comparable population peaks at most locations. Results demonstrated that sticky traps offer a simpler alternative to pyramid traps, but both can be reliable tools to monitor H. halys in different geographical locations with varying population densities throughout the season.
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    Successful management of Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in commercial apple orchards with an attract-and-kill strategy
    Morrison, William R.; Blaauw, Brett R.; Short, Brent D.; Nielsen, Anne L.; Bergh, J. Christopher; Krawczyk, Greg; Park, Yong-Lak; Butler, Bryan R.; Khrimian, Ashot; Leskey, Tracy C. (2018-07-30)
    Introduction of Halyomorpha halys (Stål) in the USA has disrupted many established integrated pest management programs for specialty crops, especially apple. While current management heavily relies on insecticides, one potential alternative tactic is attract-and-kill (AK), whereby large numbers of H. halys are attracted to and retained in a circumscribed area using attractive semiochemicals and removed from the foraging population with an insecticide. The goal of this study was to evaluate if AK implementation in commercial apple orchards can result in levels of H. halys damage that are equal to or less than those from grower standard management programs.Over 2 years at farms in five Mid-Atlantic USA states, we found that the use of AK resulted in 2-7 times less damage compared with grower standard plots, depending on year and period. At selected trees on which AK was implemented, over 10,000 H. halys individuals were killed in two growing seasons, and the use of AK reduced the crop area treated with insecticide against H. halys by 97%. Using AK had no impact on the natural enemy or secondary pest community over the same period.Overall, the use of AK was effective at managing low to moderate H. halys populations in apple orchards, but must be optimized to increase economic feasibility for grower adoption.
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    Using IPM-CPR as a Management Program for Apple Orchards
    Akotsen-Mensah, C.; Blaauw, Brett R.; Short, Brent D.; Leskey, Tracy C.; Bergh, J. Christopher; Polk, D.; Nielsen, Anne L. (2020-08)
    We have demonstrated how management of key orchard pests including the insect invasive species Halyomorpha halys (Stal) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) can be accomplished using a systems-level approach termed IPM-CPR (Integrated Pest Management-Crop Perimeter Restructuring) in apple. We conducted on-farm comparisons of IPM-CPR to standard management program for managing H. halys, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and Lygus lineolaris Palisot de Beauvois (Hemiptera: Miridae) in commercial apple orchards in 2014, 2016, and 2017 in New Jersey, Maryland, and Virginia. The presence and abundance of key pests and fruit injury at harvest were used as a measure of success of the program. We compared the amount of insecticide applied for each management program. In majority of instances, there were no differences in the IPM-CPR and the standard management program in terms of H. halys numbers in baited pyramid traps and stink bug injury at harvest. Damage from C. pomonella and G. molesta in the IPM-CPR treatment was significantly lower than the standard management program in 2014 and 2017. Amount of active ingredient used was on average 62.1% lower in the IPM-CPR treatment compared with standard management program. Despite a reduction in insecticide use, there were minimal impacts on beneficial insects. Overall, IPM-CPR in apples successfully managed key orchard pests, including H. halys, and used significantly less insecticide than a standard insecticide-based management program and could be adopted as a systems-level approach for pest population reduction.