Browsing by Author "Bromley, Peter T."
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- An evaluation management model for environmental education programsArmstrong, James B. (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989)The study was designed to develop a management model for the evaluation of environmental education supplements developed by nonprofit special-interest groups. Naturescope, an interdisciplinary environmental education supplement developed by the National Wildlife Federation (NWF), was used as a vehicle for developing this model. The first component of the study involved the development of the model, while the second component measured evaluation outcomes relative to NatureScope. Working in conjunction with NWF program staff, four issues of NatureScope were randomly selected from the fifteen issues available at the time of the study. Volunteer fifth and seventh grade teachers from Virginia and Georgia were used in the study. A separate knowledge test was developed for each of the four issues. In addition, a 16-item likert scale was developed to measure environmental attitudes. Qualitative information related to the usefulness of NatureScope was collected through a teacher questionnaire. Evaluator interactions with the client, school administrators, and teachers influenced the development and success of the evaluation. The politically-motivated hidden agendas of the client resulted in unexpected modifications to the evaluation process. School administrators displayed a reluctance to permit teachers to participate in the study. Teachers who volunteered expressed concern over a lack of familiarity with the topics and the evaluation process. The evaluation outcomes of the study measured the effects of NatureScope on environmental knowledge and attitudes. Students exposed to Let's Hear It for Herps demonstrated the greatest differences in subject knowledge when compared to the control group. None of the issues had a significant effect on environmental attitudes when compared to the control group. Fifth grade students systematically scored higher than seventh grade students on all measures. Teachers responded favorably to NatureScope, however, the materials were criticized as too simple for seventh grade. The NatureScope evaluation portion of the study indicates that the materials may be best suited for fifth grade students of average ability.
- Feeding wild birdsBromley, Peter T.; Geis, Aelred D., 1929- (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2009-05-01)This publication offers tips on selection and presentation of bird feeds, preferred foods by species, and landscaping to attract wild birds.
- Feeding wild birdsBromley, Peter T.; Geis, Aelred D., 1929- (Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, 1982-05)Discusses selection and presentation of food for wild birds.
- Habitat and population dynamics of wolves and blackbuck in Velavadar National Park, GujaratJhala, Yadvendradev V. (Virginia Tech, 1991-04-05)The management problem of allocating limited resources for conflicting habitat needs of 2 endangered species, (the wolf (Canis lupus pallipes) and the blackbuck (Antelope cervicapra)) at Velavadar National Park, Gujarat, India, was addressed with the aid of mathematical optimization models. Critical biological data essential for model formulation and management decisions were collected by field research from February 1988 to December 1990. The semi-arid grassland habitat was dominated by perennial grasses like Dichanthium annulatum and Sporobolus virginicus. The grassland system seems quite resilient to droughts and grazing. Above-ground production is primarily dependent on precipitation. Two-year rainfall sequence explained 960/0 of the variability in the peak above-ground plant biomass. Food habits of blackbuck were determined by lead animal studies and observations on wild blackbuck. Blackbuck relied primarily on grasslands to obtain food. The pods of the exotic shrub, Prosopis juliflora, comprised 10% of the diet and were considered to be important during the summers and drought years. Dry matter intake, as estimated from captive blackbuck feeding on natural forage, was cyclical, dropping in the summers and increasing during the monsoons and winters. Apparent digestibility and forage quality were extremely low in summers. Average annual dry matter intake was estimated at 86 gms/kg .075 of blackbuck per day. Relationships were developed for predicting forage quality from fecal ether extract and fecal nitrogen. The blackbuck population seemed to be in a dynamic equilibrium at about 1850 animals. Periodic droughts and floods cause major population declines. The population takes 4-5 years to recover from such catastrophic mortality. Life-table analysis done by aging jaws of dead blackbuck revealed a bimodal mortality pattern for males. Males between the ages of 7 to 9 years were at high risk of wolf predation during the rutting season. A population simulation model using a modified Leslie matrix approach estimated the probability of extinction during the next 50 years to be close to zero. The population was predicted to fluctuate between 1100 and 2800 individuals.
- Habitat relationships of bobwhite quail and cottontail rabbits on agricultural lands in Halifax County, VirginiaCline, Gerald A. (Virginia Tech, 1988-11-09)I examined the relationships of quail and rabbits to agricultural land uses in the Virginia Piedmont during 1986-1987. Bobwhites and cottontails were censused and the associated habitat components quantified at 2 scales: macro-scale at 121 road transect stations, and a micro-scale at 87-foot transect stations. Additionally, the quail's immediate habitat was measured using variables found in the HSI model for northern bobwhite. The paucity of rabbit sightings prevented an analysis of habitat relationships for this species. Relative quail densities decreased from 1986 to 1987 along both road and foot transects (P < 0.05). A model (R² = 0.374) relating relative density of quail at stations to adjacent habitat found positive (P < 0.10) relationships for crop/crop, road/pasture, road/fallow, and "other" edges and negative (P < 0.10) relationships for road/tall grass yard edge and 3 variables describing dense overstory canopies. The presence/absence of quail at foot transect stations was related to habitat characteristics using logistic regression. Wooded fallow fields, the length (m) of pasture/fallow and forest/forest edges, and the total number of all edges present were positively related to quail presence (P < 0.001). Analysis of quail-centered plots indicated quail preferred areas with more woody cover, less grass composing the herbaceous canopy, more bare ground or light litter ( < 2 cm deep), and more honeysuckle canopy than was randomly available (P < 0.05). Management recommendations are to emphasize maximizing the number of different edges present, especially the combinations highlighted by this analysis. Efforts should be made to maximize the number of fallow fields in early successional stages. Cultivation of field borders and corners, waterways, and other idle areas should be discouraged.
- Home and Garden Wildlife Pest ComplaintsBromley, Peter T. (Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, 1981-01)Discusses the reasons that wild animals become domestic pests, actions that can be taken to deter them, and the effects of pesticides on wildlife.
- Landowner's guide to wildlife abundance through forestryBromley, Peter T.; Starr, James; Sims, Jared; Coffman, David (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2009-05-01)Drawing from forestry and wildlife research results, this publication explains the interaction of Virginia wildlife with its forests. It outlines forest management practices that support wildlife and give tips for management of specific species.
- A landowner's guide to working with sportsmen in VirginiaBromley, Peter T. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2009-05-01)To foster positive relations between sportsmen and landowners, this publication discusses liability, alternative ways of managing access to private lands, and uses and methods of posting by landowners.
- Management of wood ducks on private lands and watersBromley, Peter T.; Buhlmann, Kurt; Helfrich, Louis A. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2009-05-01)This publication explains how landowners can manage wetlands to enhance wood duck habitat, including designing ponds for waterfowl, providing foods and nest boxes, and controlling predation.
- Overwinter survival of wild turkeys on central Virginia's industrial forestsMorgan, John T. (Virginia Tech, 1989-05-05)Overwinter survival of wild turkeys on industrial forests managed for short-rotation pines (treatment) and typical Piedmont forests and farmland (control), was investigated in Virginia's central Piedmont during 1986-1988. Ninety-six percent of the turkeys (N =106) were captured in early fall with alpha-chloralose laced bait. Sixty-three percent of the captured turkeys recovered and were released with transmitters; 15% were released without transmitters; and 21% died from capture related causes. Overwinter survival for all turkeys was <2% regardless of area or year. Daily survival was lower on the control areas (P < 0.01), however, due to the small (13) and scattered sample of turkeys captured over the 3 years on control areas, these data were omitted from further analyses. Daily survival on treatment areas over the 3 years was 97.6%. Thirty-seven percent of radio-equipped turkeys on treatment areas died within 2 weeks of release suggesting that factors related to the trapping process influenced survival. Possibilities considered were residual effects from alpha-chloralose, capture myopathy, and/or a negative effect from the transmitter and/or harness. Four weeks after release daily survival rates improved significantly (P < 0.01) indicating the influence from trapping had subsided. While hardwoods composed 38% of the primary treatment area, 65% of turkeys died in hardwood stands; predation accounted for 81% of the turkey mortality (N =42). Field evidence and necropsy results plus scent station data indicated that gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) were the main turkey predators. Fox scats contained no detectable turkey remains but indicated that eastern cottontails (Silvilagus floridanus) were a primary prey species.
- Raccoon biology and managementBromley, Peter T.; Lochmiller, Robert L.; Chapman, David L. (Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, 1984-05)Discusses raccoon biology, habitat, and management in Virginia.
- Solutions to common farm pond problemsHelfrich, Louis A.; Bromley, Peter T.; Pardue, Garland B. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 1994)
- Supplemental income from wildlife on your landBromley, Peter T.; Benson, Delwin E., 1949- (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2009-05-01)Farmers and ranchers are considering hunting, fishing, trapping, and camping as a new source of income. This publication explains how to assess the income-generating potential from wildlife on your land.
- Wildlife damage control in Virginia. BatsBromley, Peter T. (Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, 1984-04)Discusses bats, their habits, and how to eliminate bat roosts.
- Wildlife damage control in Virginia. Blackbird roostsLyon, Linda A.; Bromley, Peter T. (Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, 1984-05)Describes the types of blackbirds in Virginia and their habitat. Recommends ways to disrupt blackbirds from their roosts to prevent damage to trees and soil.
- Wildlife damage control in Virginia. Controlling rodents in homesMiller, Edwin J.; Bromley, Peter T. (Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, 1988-02)Describes various rodents and ways to control them in the home.
- Wildlife damage control in Virginia. Controlling volesBromley, Peter T.; Byers, Ross E.; MacPherson, Sandra L., 1959- (Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, 1987-06)Recommends ways to control voles and diminish their damage on plants and crops.
- Wildlife damage control in Virginia. MolesBromley, Peter T. (Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, 1988)Describes the biology and ecology of moles in Virginia and discusses controlling mole damage.
- Wildlife damage control in Virginia. SnakesBromley, Peter T.; Clifford, Michael James, 1947- (Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, 1984-07)Describes poisonous and non-poisonous snakes in Virginia, how to avoid poisonous snakes, and reducing snake populations around homes and recreation areas.
- Wildlife damage control in Virginia. WoodchucksBromley, Peter T. (Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, 1983-04)Describes various ways of controlling and minimizing woodchuck damage in Virginia.