Browsing by Author "Brooks, Wynse S."

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    Conversion of deoxynivalenol to 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol in barley derived fuel ethanol co-products with yeast expressing trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferases
    Khatibi, Piyum A.; Montanti, Justin; Nghiem, Nhuan P.; Hicks, Kevin B.; Berger, Gregory L.; Brooks, Wynse S.; Griffey, Carl A.; Schmale, David G. III (2011-09-02)
    Background The trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) may be concentrated in distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS; a co-product of fuel ethanol fermentation) when grain containing DON is used to produce fuel ethanol. Even low levels of DON (≤ 5 ppm) in DDGS sold as feed pose a significant threat to the health of monogastric animals. New and improved strategies to reduce DON in DDGS need to be developed and implemented to address this problem. Enzymes known as trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferases convert DON to 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3ADON), and may reduce its toxicity in plants and animals. Results Two Fusarium trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferases (FgTRI101 and FfTRI201) were cloned and expressed in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) during a series of small-scale ethanol fermentations using barley (Hordeum vulgare). DON was concentrated 1.6 to 8.2 times in DDGS compared with the starting ground grain. During the fermentation process, FgTRI101 converted 9.2% to 55.3% of the DON to 3ADON, resulting in DDGS with reductions in DON and increases in 3ADON in the Virginia winter barley cultivars Eve, Thoroughbred and Price, and the experimental line VA06H-25. Analysis of barley mashes prepared from the barley line VA04B-125 showed that yeast expressing FfTRI201 were more effective at acetylating DON than those expressing FgTRI101; DON conversion for FfTRI201 ranged from 26.1% to 28.3%, whereas DON conversion for FgTRI101 ranged from 18.3% to 21.8% in VA04B-125 mashes. Ethanol yields were highest with the industrial yeast strain Ethanol Red®, which also consumed galactose when present in the mash. Conclusions This study demonstrates the potential of using yeast expressing a trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase to modify DON during commercial fuel ethanol fermentation.
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    Production of Ethanol From Newly Developed and Improved Winter Barley Cultivars
    Nghiem, Nhuan P.; Brooks, Wynse S.; Griffey, Carl A.; Toht, Matthew J. (2017-05)
    Winter barley has attracted strong interest as a potential feedstock for fuel ethanol production in regions with mild winter climate such as the mid-Atlantic and northeastern USA. Ten recently developed and improved winter barley cultivars and breeding lines including five hulled and five hull-less lines were experimentally evaluated for potential ethanol production. The five hulled barley lines included three released cultivars (Thoroughbred, Atlantic, and Secretariat) and two breeding lines (VA09B-34 and VA11B-4). The five hull-less lines also included three released cultivars (Eve, Dan, and Amaze 10) and two breeding lines (VA08H-65 and VA13H-34). On the average, the hull-less barley cultivars produced more ethanol per unit mass because of their higher starch and beta-glucan contents. However, since the hulled barley cultivars had higher agronomic yield, the potential ethanol production per acre of land for the two types were approximately equal. Among the ten cultivars tested, the hull-less cultivar Amaze 10 was the best one for ethanol production. The ethanol yield values obtained for this cultivar were 2.61 gal per bushel and 292 gal per acre.
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    Registration of 'Hilliard' wheat
    Griffey, Carl A.; Malla, Subas; Brooks, Wynse S.; Seago, John E.; Christopher, Anthony; Thomason, Wade E.; Pitman, Robert M.; Markham, Robin; Vaughn, Mark E.; Dunaway, David W.; Beahm, Mary; Barrack, C. Lin; Rucker, Elizabeth; Behl, Harry D.; Hardiman, Thomas H.; Beahm, Bruce R.; Browning, Phillip; Schmale, David G. III; McMaster, Nicole J.; Custis, J. Tommy; Gulick, Steve; Ashburn, S. Bobby; Jones, Ned, Jr.; Baik, Byung-Kee; Bockelman, Harold; Marshall, David; Fountain, Myron O.; Brown-Guedira, Gina L.; Cowger, Christina; Cambron, Sue; Kolmer, James; Jin, Yue; Chen, Xianming; Garland-Campbell, Kimberly; Sparry, Ellen (2020-09)
    'Hilliard' (Reg. no. CV-1163, PI 676271), a soft red winter (SRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) developed and tested as VA11W-108 by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, was released in March 2015. Hilliard was derived from the cross '25R47'/'Jamestown'. Hilliard is widely adapted, from Texas to Ontario, Canada, and provides producers with a mid-season, medium height, awned, semi-dwarf (Rht2) cul tivar that has very high yield potential, good straw strength, and intermediate grain volume weight and quality. It expresses moderate to high levels of resistance to most diseases prevalent in the eastern United States and Ontario. In the 2016-2018 USDA-ARS Uniform SRW Wheat nurseries, Hilliard ranked first in grain yield in the southern nursery across all 3 yr (5,147-5,758 kg ha(-1)). In the uniform eastern nursery, it ranked first for grain yield in 2016 (6,159 kg ha(-1)) and 2017 (5,633 kg ha(-1)) and second in 2018 (5,515 kg ha(-1)). Grain volume weights of Hilliard were similar to overall trial averages in the uniform southern (73.4-75.2 kg hl(-1)) and eastern (70-75.8 kg hl(-1)) nurseries. Hilliard has soft grain texture with flour softness equivalent values varying from 58.1 to 61.7 g 100 g(-1). Straight grade flour yields on a Quadrumat Senior mill varied from 66.8 to 68.4 g kg(-1). Flour protein concentration varied from 7.0 to 9.1 g 100 g(-1) and gluten strength from 108 to 128 g 100 g(-1), as measured by lactic acid solvent retention capacity. Cookie spread diameter varied from 18.3 to 18.6 cm.
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    Registration of 'LCS Compass' Wheat
    Liu, L.; Barnett, Marla D.; Griffey, Carl A.; Malla, Subas; Brooks, Wynse S.; Seago, John E.; Kirby, K.; Thomason, Wade E.; Rucker, E. G.; Behl, Harry D.; Pitman, Robert M.; Dunaway, David W.; Vaughn, Mark E.; Custis, J. Tommy; Seabourn, Bradford W.; Chen, R.; Fountain, Myron O.; Marshall, D.; Graybosch, Robert A.; Divis, L. A.; Hansen, L. E.; Cowger, C.; Cambron, Sue; Jin, Y.; Beahm, Bruce R.; Hardiman, Thomas H.; Lin, C. J.; Mennel, D. Ford; Mennel, Donald L. (2018-12-13)
    'LCS Compass' (Reg. No. CV-1149, PI 675458), a hard red winter (HRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), was developed and tested as VA10HRW-13 and co-released by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station and Limagrain Cereal Seeds, LLC, in 2015. LCS Compass was derived from the cross 'Vision 20' /'Stanof' using a modified bulk breeding method. LCS Compass is a widely adapted, high-yielding, awned, semidwarf (Rht1) HRW wheat with early to medium maturity and resistance or moderate resistance to diseases prevalent in the mid-Atlantic and Great Plains regions of the United States. In the 2013 Uniform Bread Wheat Trial conducted over 18 locations in eastern states, LCS Compass produced an average grain yield of 4609 kg ha(-1) that was similar to 'Vision 30' (4697 kg ha(-1)). In the northern Great Plains, the average grain yield of LCS Compass (4015 kg ha(-1)) over 44 locations in 2013 was similar to 'Jerry' (4013 kg ha(-1)). In the South Dakota crop zone 3 variety test, LCS Compass had a 3-yr (2015-2017) yield average of 5575 kg ha(-1) and was one of highest-yielding cultivars among the 19 cultivars tested over the 3-yr period. LCS Compass has good end-use quality in both the eastern and Great Plains regions of the United States.
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    Registration of 'LCS Wizard' Wheat
    Liu, L.; Barnett, Marla D.; Griffey, Carl A.; Malla, Subas; Brooks, Wynse S.; Seago, John E.; Butler, H.; Thomason, Wade E.; Rucker, E. G.; Behl, Harry D.; Pitman, Robert M.; Dunaway, David W.; Vaughn, Mark E.; Custis, J. Tommy; Seabourn, Bradford W.; Chen, R.; Fountain, Myron O.; Marshall, D.; Graybosch, Robert A.; Divis, L. A.; Hansen, L. E.; Cowger, C.; Cambron, Sue; Jin, Y.; Beahm, Bruce R.; Hardiman, Thomas H.; Lin, C. J.; Mennel, D. Ford; Mennel, Donald L. (2016-01)
    The objective of this research was to develop widely adapted hard winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties to meet the needs of mills, bakeries, and consumers in the eastern and Great Plains regions of the United States. 'LCS Wizard' (Reg. No. CV-1111, PI 669574), a hard red winter (HRW) wheat, was developed and tested as VA08HRW-80 and co-released by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station and Limagrain Cereal Seeds, LLC in 2013. LCS Wizard was derived from the three-way cross S.6742/92PAN1#33//92PIN#107 using a modified bulk breeding method. LCS Wizard is a widely adapted, high-yielding, awned, semidwarf (Rht1) HRW wheat with midseason spike emergence and resistance or moderate resistance to diseases prevalent in the mid-Atlantic and Great Plains regions. In the 2014 Uniform Bread Wheat Trial conducted over 17 locations in eastern states, LCS Wizard produced an average grain yield of 4717 kg ha(-1), similar to 'Vision 45' (4650 kg ha(-1)). In the northern Great Plains, the average grain yield over 54 locations in 2012 of LCS Wizard (4419 kg ha(-1)) was slightly lower than that of 'Overland' (4659 kg ha(-1)). In the southern Great Plains, its average grain yield (3844 kg ha(-1)) over 85 locations was slightly higher than that of Fuller (3757 kg ha(-1)). LCS Wizard has acceptable end-use quality in both the eastern and Great Plains regions of the United States.
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    Registration of 'SB255' winter barley
    Brooks, Wynse S.; Griffey, Carl A.; Vaughn, Mark E.; Seago, John E.; Thomason, Wade E.; Fitzgerald, Joshua; Christopher, Anthony; Pitman, Robert M.; Dunaway, David W.; Light, Jon; Rucker, Elizabeth; Behl, Harry D.; Beahm, Bruce R.; Browning, Phillip; McMaster, Nicole J.; Schmale, David G. III; Hardiman, Thomas H.; Custis, J. Tommy; Gulick, Steve; Ashburn, S. Bobby; Jones, Ned, Jr.; Marshall, David; Fountain, Myron O.; Tan Tuong; Oakes, Joseph C. (2021-05)
    'SB255' (Reg. no. CV-373, PI 693987) is a six-rowed hulled barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar with winter growth habit. The cultivar was released by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station in May 2019. SB255 is widely adapted, high yielding, high grain volume weight, and medium tall. It has good winterhardiness and good straw strength. The spikes of SB255 are strap and slightly waxy with no overlapping lateral kernels and with long awns. Prior to being named, SB255 was tested under the experimental designation VA11B-141 (LA). It was derived from the cross Spont03-44/VA01B-44 and developed using a modified-bulk breeding method. It was evaluated from 2013 to 2019 in the Virginia Official Variety Trials at five to six locations. SB255's average grain yield (5,214 kg ha(-1)) was similar to the check cultivars 'Secretariat' and 'Thoroughbred' but significantly (P <= .05) higher than 'Atlantic', 'Price', 'Callao', 'Nomini', and 'Wysor'. Average grain volume weight of SB255 (60.8 kg hL(-1)) was similar to Secretariat and Price but exceeded (P <= 0.05) those of Thoroughbred, Atlantic, Callao, Nomini, and Wysor. Head emergence of SB255 was similar to Thoroughbred and 2-5 d later than winter feed barley cultivars Secretariat, Atlantic, Price, Callao, and Nomini. SB255 was developed primarily as a feed barley cultivar. It provides barley producers and end users in the eastern United States with a high-grain-yielding cultivar having good to moderate resistance to all diseases prevalent in the eastern United States, including Fusarium head blight (FHB), and also lower deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation in the grain.
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    Registration of 'Secretariat' Winter Barley
    Griffey, Carl A.; Brooks, Wynse S.; Vaughn, Mark E.; Berger, Gregory L.; Thomason, Wade E.; Pitman, Robert M.; Malla, Subas; Seago, John E.; Dunaway, David W.; Rucker, Elizabeth; Behl, Harry D.; Browning, Phillip; Schmale, David G. III; McMaster, Nicole J.; Hardiman, Thomas H.; Custis, J. Tommy; Starner, David Eugene; Gulick, Steve; Ashburn, S. Bobby; Jones, E. H.; Marshall, David; Fountain, Myron O.; Tuong, Tan Duy; Kurantz, Michael J.; Moreau, Robert A.; Hicks, Kevin B. (2016-08-30)
    ‘Secretariat’ (Reg. No. CV-359, PI 673931) is a six-row hulled winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) developed by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station and released in May 2014. Secretariat, formerly designated VA08B-85, was derived from the cross VA00B-199/VA00B-259 and developed using a modified bulk breeding method. It was evaluated from 2012 to 2015 in the Virginia Official Variety Trials at five to six locations. Secretariat’s average grain yield (5907 kg ha−1) was higher than the check cultivars ‘Atlantic’, ‘Price’, ‘Callao’, ‘Nomini’, and ‘Wysor’ and similar to ‘Thoroughbred’. Average grain volume weight of Secretariat (61.1 kg hL−1) was similar to Thoroughbred, Atlantic, Price, and Callao and higher than Nomini and Wysor. Head emergence of Secretariat is 6 d earlier than the predominant cultivar Thoroughbred. Earlier maturity is a primary factor determining whether barley or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is used in double-cropping systems with soybean [Glycine max (Merr.) L.]. Grain of Secretariat produced an average starch concentration (56.9%) that was higher than Price and Callao, similar to Atlantic, but lower than Thoroughbred. Secretariat provides barley producers and end users in the eastern United States with a high-yielding, widely adapted, early-maturing winter barley cultivar that has good grain quality and is highly resistant to leaf rust (caused by Puccinia hordei G. Otth) and powdery mildew [caused by Blumeria graminis (DC.) E.O. Speer f. sp. hordei Em. Marchal].
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    Registration of 'Vision 50' Wheat
    Liu, L.; Barnett, Marla D.; Griffey, Carl A.; Malla, Subas; Brooks, Wynse S.; Seago, John E.; Fitzgerald, Joshua; Thomason, Wade E.; Rucker, E. G.; Behl, Harry D.; Pitman, Robert M.; Dunaway, David W.; Vaughn, Mark E.; Custis, J. Tommy; Seabourn, Bradford W.; Chen, R.; Fountain, Myron O.; Marshall, D.; Cowger, C.; Cambron, Sue; Jin, Y.; Beahm, Bruce R.; Browning, Phillip; Hardiman, Thomas H.; Lin, C. J.; Mennel, D. Ford; Mennel, Donald L. (2019-03-28)
    'Vision 50' (Reg. No. CV-1152, PI 679953), a hard red winter (HRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar, was derived from the cross 'Jagalene'/'Provinciale' using a modified bulk breeding method. Vision 50 was tested as VA09HRW-64 in replicated yield trials in Virginia (2011-2017) and in the USDAARS Uniform Bread Wheat Trials (2012-2017) and released by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station in 2016. Vision 50 is a widely adapted, high-yielding, awned, semidwarf (unknown Rht gene) HRW wheat having mid-to late-season spike emergence, strong straw strength, and resistance or moderate resistance to diseases prevalent in the mid-Atlantic region. In the Virginia Bread Wheat Elite Test from 2014 to 2017, Vision 50 produced a mean yield of 5067 kg ha(-1) that was similar to the highest-yielding (5757 kg ha(-1)) cultivar Shirley, a soft red winter wheat check. Vision 50 has acceptable end-use quality on the basis of comparisons with the HRW wheat check cultivar Jagger for wheat protein (11.3 vs. 12.2 g 100 g(-1)), flour yield (72.7 vs. 66.4 g 100 g(-1)), flour water absorption (59.5 vs. 62.3 g 100 g(-1)), dough mixing tolerance (2.7 vs. 3.0), pup-loaf volume (815 vs. 822 cm(3)), and crumb grain scores (4.2 vs. 3.8).
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    Small Grains in 2016
    Thomason, Wade E.; Griffey, Carl A.; Behl, Harry D.; Black, Tyler; Malla, Subas; Hokanson, Liz; Custis, J. Tommy; Langston, David B.; Jones, Karl; Pitman, Robert M.; Vaughn, Mark E.; Jones, Ned; Brooks, Wynse S.; Light, Jon; Clark, Robert A.; Gulick, Steve (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2016-07-27)
    Notes the cultivars of barley and wheat recommended in Virginia for 2016. Discusses performance testing for these varieties, and summarizes the results.
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    Small Grains in 2018
    Brooks, Wynse S.; Bee, Khim Chim; Custis, Tom; Griffey, Carl A.; Langston, David B.; Light, Jon; Oakes, Joseph C.; Pitman, Robert M.; Rucker, Elizabeth; Vaughn, Mark; Lael, Brad; Horn, Doug; Jones, Ned (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2018-07-20)
    Notes the cultivars of barley and wheat recommended in Virginia for 2018. Discusses performance testing for these varieties and summarizes the results.
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    Small Grains in 2019
    Thomason, Wade E.; Rucker, Elizabeth; Custis, Tom; Jones, Karl; Oakes, Joseph C.; Vaughn, Mark; Jones, Ned; Brooks, Wynse S.; Light, Jon; Lillard, Greg; Clark, Bobby; Behl, Harry D.; Griffey, Carl A.; Langston, David B. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2019-07-15)
    Notes the cultivars of barley and wheat recommended for Virginia in 2019. Discusses performance testing for these varieties and summarizes the results.
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    Small Grains in 2020
    Thomason, Wade E.; Rucker, Elizabeth; Custis, Tom; Jones, Karl; Oakes, Joseph C.; Vaughn, Mark; Jones, Ned; Brooks, Wynse S.; Light, Jon; Lillard, Greg; Clark, Bobby; Behl, Harry D.; Griffey, Carl A.; Langston, David B. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2020-07-18)
    Notes the cultivars of barley and wheat recommended for Virginia in 2020. Discusses performance testing for these varieties and summarizes the results.
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    Specialty Small Grains in 2019
    Thomason, Wade E.; Griffey, Carl; Mehl, Hillary; Behl, Harry D.; Rucker, Elizabeth; Swoish, Michael; Boyd, Luke; Custis, Tom; Langston, David B.; Jones, Karl; Byrd-Masters, Linda; Byrum, Steve; Kaur, Navjot; Oakes, Joseph C.; Vaughn, Mark; Jones, Ned; Griffey, Carl; Brooks, Wynse S.; Light, Jon; Clark, Bobby; Lillard, Gregory (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2020)
    Discusses test results for several varieties of barley, wheat and triticale grown in Virginia. Presents yield performance data for each variety for the year and also averaged for several years. Also discusses milling and baking qualities of the barley and wheat cultivars, and reports on barley and wheat scab research.
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    Specialty Small Grains in 2020
    Thomason, Wade E.; Griffey, Carl A.; Mehl, Hillary; Lawton, Nathaniel A.; Rucker, Elizabeth; Brooks, Wynse S.; Liu, Limei; Custis,nTo; Langston, David B.; Byrd-Masters, Linda; Byum, Steve; Kaur, Navjot; Oakes, Joseph; Vaughn, Mark; Jones, Ned; Light, Jon; Clark, Bobby; Lillar, Gregory (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2020-12-17)
    This publication provides results from specialty wheat and barley varietal tests conducted in Virginia in 2018-2020. The tests provide information to assist Virginia Cooperative Extension Service agents in formulating cultivar recommendations for small grain producers and to companies developing cultivars and/or marketing seed within the state.