Browsing by Author "Bueren, Emma K."

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    Analytical validation of two RT-qPCR tests and detection of spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) in persistently infected koi Cyprinus carpio
    Clouthier, Sharon C.; Schroeder, Tamara; Bueren, Emma K.; Anderson, Eric D.; Emmenegger, Eveline (2021-02-25)
    Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) ia a carp sprivivirus and a member of the genus Sprivivirus within the family Rhabdoviridae. The virus is the etiological agent of spring viremia of carp, a disease of cyprinid species including koi Cyprinus carpio L. and notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health. The goal of this study was to explore hypotheses regarding intergenogroup (Ia to Id) SVCV infection dynamics in juvenile koi and contemporaneously create new reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assays and validate their analytical sensitivity, specificity (ASp) and repeatability for diagnostic detection of SVCV. RT-qPCR diagnostic tests targeting the SVCV nucleoprotein (Q2N) or glycoprotein (Q1G) nucleotides were pan-specific for isolates typed to SVCV genogroups Ia to Id. The Q2N test had broader ASp than Q1G because Q1G did not detect SVCV isolate 20120450 and Q2N displayed occasional detection of pike fry sprivivirus isolate V76. Neither test cross-reacted with other rhabdoviruses, infectious pancreatic necrosis virus or co-localizing cyprinid herpesvirus 3. Both tests were sensitive with observed 50% limits of detection of 3 plasmid copies and high repeatability. Test analysis of koi immersed in SVCV showed that the virus could be detected for at least 167 d following exposure and that titer, prevalence, replicative rate and persistence in koi were correlated significantly with virus virulence. In this context, high virulence SVCV isolates were more prevalent, reached higher titers quicker and persisted in koi for longer periods of time relative to moderate and low virulence isolates.
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    Comparative genomics of Lactobacillaceae from the gut of honey bees, Apis mellifera, from the Eastern United States
    Bradford, Emma L.; Wax, Noah; Bueren, Emma K.; Walke, Jenifer B.; Fell, Richard; Belden, Lisa K.; Haak, David C. (Oxford University Press, 2022-12-01)
    Lactobacillaceae are an important family of lactic acid bacteria that play key roles in the gut microbiome of many animal species. In the honey bee (Apis mellifera) gut microbiome, many species of Lactobacillaceae are found, and there is functionally important strain-level variation in the bacteria. In this study, we completed whole-genome sequencing of 3 unique Lactobacillaceae isolates collected from hives in Virginia, USA. Using 107 genomes of known bee-associated Lactobacillaceae and Limosilactobacillus reuteri as an outgroup, the phylogenetics of the 3 isolates was assessed, and these isolates were identified as novel strains of Apilactobacillus kunkeei, Lactobacillus kullabergensis, and Bombilactobacillus mellis. Genome rearrangements, conserved orthologous genes (COG) categories and potential prophage regions were identified across the 3 novel strains. The new A. kunkeei strain was enriched in genes related to replication, recombination and repair, the L. kullabergensis strain was enriched for carbohydrate transport, and the B. mellis strain was enriched in transcription or transcriptional regulation and in some genes with unknown functions. Prophage regions were identified in the A. kunkeei and L. kullabergensis isolates. These new bee-associated strains add to our growing knowledge of the honey bee gut microbiome, and to Lactobacillaceae genomics more broadly.
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    Comparative virulence of spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) genotypes in two koi varieties
    Emmenegger, Eveline J.; Bueren, Emma K.; Jia, Peng; Hendrix, Noble; Liu, Hong (Inter-Research, 2022)
    Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV), is a lethal freshwater pathogen of cyprinid fish, and Cyprinus carpio koi is a primary host species. The virus was initially described in the 1960s after outbreaks occurred in Europe, but a global expansion of SVCV has been ongoing since the late 1990s. Genetic typing of SVCV isolates separates them into 4 genotypes that are correlated with geographic origin: Ia (Asia), Ib and Ic (Eastern Europe), and Id (Central Europe). We compared infectivity and virulence of 8 SVCV strains, including 4 uncharacterized Chinese Ia isolates and representatives of genotypes Ia-d in 2 morphologically distinct varieties of koi: long-fin semi-scaled Beni Kikokuryu koi and short-fin fully scaled Sanke koi. Mortality ranged from 4 to 82% in the Beni Kikokuryu koi and 0 to 94% in the Sanke koi following immersion challenge. Genotype Ia isolates of Asian origin had a wide range in virulence (0-94%). Single isolates representing the European genotypes Ib and Ic were moderately virulent (38-56%). Each virus strain produced similar levels of mortality in both koi breeds, with the exception of the SVCV Id strain that appeared to have both moderate and high virulence phenotypes (60% in Beni Kikokuryu koi vs. 87% in Sanke koi). Overall SVCV strain virulence appeared to be a dominant factor in determining disease outcomes, whereas intraspecies variation, based on koi variety, had less of an impact. This study is the first side-by-side comparison of Chinese SVCV isolates and genotype Ia-d strain virulence in a highly susceptible host.
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    Flipped Science Fair Invites Children to Judge Graduate Student Posters Through a University-Community Partnership
    Lewis, Abigail L.; O’Malley, Grace; Palissery, Gates K.; Hensley, Amanda; Lloreda, Carla López; Perez, Claudia; Bueren, Emma K. (Vanderbilt University Library, 2023-10-03)
    Flipped Science Fairs put power directly into children’s hands, inviting them to judge graduate student science fair posters. At the fair, graduate students practice communicating their research to a young audience, while children have the opportunity to see themselves as valued contributors in science. Here, we present a model for a walk-in Flipped Science Fair, designed in partnership between nine Virginia Tech graduate students and the Roanoke City Public Libraries (RPL; Roanoke, VA, USA). At our event, 27 graduate students presented posters about their research, with an audience of over 250 community members. We found that hosting the Flipped Science Fair at a public library lowered barriers to entry for participants and allowed us to reach an audience further from the university. While judging posters, children learned about a wide range of leading-edge research and had meaningful interactions with diverse scientists in small-group settings. Conversely, for graduate students, this event and associated training workshops provided an opportunity to practice communicating their research to a new audience. Throughout this article, we share our experience as graduate students collaboratively conceptualizing and organizing this community-oriented Flipped Science Fair with public library partners.