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Browsing by Author "Carter, Kelly Curlette"

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    Evaluation of the reheating instructions for ready-to-eat poultry products for the destruction of Listeria monocytogenes
    Carter, Kelly Curlette (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1994)
    Ready-to-eat poultry products, which are precooked so that they can be reheated and served, have gained widespread consumer acceptance. The production of these products generally includes a process that is sufficient to destroy nonsporeforming bacterial pathogens. However, recontamination of these products after the heat process is unavoidable at some level. It could occur during processing steps where the precooked products are handled or exposed to air or unclean work surfaces, during packaging operations, or during handling by the consumer. Reheating instructions are often targeted toward maintaining the integrity of the packaging material of the product instead of the destruction of microorganisms. The objective of this study was to determine if the reheating instructions for precooked poultry products were adequate to destroy vegetative cells of potential bacterial pathogens. Listeria monocytogenes was used as the test microorganism in this study since it is one of the most heat resistant nonsporeforming pathogens that might contaminate these products. D-values were determined in selected poultry products and thermal death time curves were developed. Various ready-to-eat poultry products were obtained from manufacturing plants and from local grocery stores. The minimum and maximum recommended cook times for both microwave and conventional ovens were evaluated in triplicate for all the products. A Campbell Scientific Inc. 21X Micrologger and type T thermocouples and a Luxtron 755 Multichannel Fluoroptic Thermometer and MSA probes were used to record the subcutaneous and internal temperatures of the products heated in the conventional and microwave oven respectively. Heating curves were constructed from the raw data and F values were calculated using z-value data from the IDT curve. Inoculated pack studies were conducted with L. monocytogenes to confirm calculated data. The reheating instructions of many of the products were inadequate to destroy bacterial pathogens. The surface temperatures were usually sufficient to destroy contamination whereas the internal temperatures usually did not reach adequate levels. Since bacterial contamination generally moves from the exterior of a product toward the interior, it would seem that the inadequate interior temperatures would not be a cause of too much concern. However, during the inoculated pack studies, it appears that surface evaporative cooling allowed for survival of the L. monocytogenes. In summary, the adequacy of the heating process varied within brands, between products, and by packaging materials used.