Browsing by Author "Clapp, Kemba"

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    Canine Butterfly Glioblastomas: a Neuroradiological Review
    Rossmeisl, John H. Jr.; Clapp, Kemba; Pancotto, Theresa E.; Emch, Samantha; Robertson, John L.; Debinski, Waldemar (Frontiers, 2016-05-19)
    In humans, high-grade gliomas may infiltrate across the corpus callosum resulting in bihemispheric lesions that may have symmetrical, winged-like appearances. This particular tumor manifestation has been coined a “butterfly” glioma (BG). While canine and human gliomas share many neuroradiological and pathological features, the BG morphology has not been previously reported in dogs. Here, we describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of BG in three dogs and review the potential differential diagnoses based on neuroimaging findings. All dogs presented for generalized seizures and interictal neurological deficits referable to multifocal or diffuse forebrain disease. MRI examinations revealed asymmetrical (2/3) or symmetrical (1/3), bihemispheric intra-axial mass lesions that predominantly affected the frontoparietal lobes that were associated with extensive perilesional edema, and involvement of the corpus callosum. The masses displayed heterogeneous T1, T2, and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery signal intensities, variable contrast enhancement (2/3), and mass effect. All tumors demonstrated classical histopathological features of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), including glial cell pseudopalisading, serpentine necrosis, microvascular proliferation as well as invasion of the corpus callosum by neoplastic astrocytes. Although rare, GBM should be considered a differential diagnosis in dogs with an MRI evidence of asymmetric or symmetric bilateral, intra-axial cerebral mass lesions with signal characteristics compatible with glioma.
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    A Case of Segmental Aplasia of the Uterus, Cervix, and Cranial Vagina in a Cat
    Souther, Samantha; Baik, Nam Joo; Clapp, Kemba; Nappier, Michael T.; Sponenberg, D. Phillip; Cecere, Julie T. (Frontiers, 2019-05-15)
    This case documents a rare set of congenital anomalies that resulted in an atypical cystic lesion in the cranial vagina of a queen. A discrete cystic lesion was identified in an 8 year old intact female domestic shorthair cat presenting for routine ovariohysterectomy. Morphological, radiographic, and histopathological findings were consistent with segmental aplasia of the uterus, cervix, and vagina resulting in a blind dilation of the cranial vagina. Segmental vaginal aplasia in combination with the failed canalization of the cervix resulted in a blind portion of the cranial vagina, in which normal secretions collected and became inspissated. This formed a discrete cystic structure. This case represents a novel combination and clinical presentation of segmental aplasia in the cat, involving both the uterus and cranial vagina. Ovariohysterectomy was performed for sterilization and a partial vaginectomy was performed to remove the cystic lesion in its entirety.
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    Densitometric Comparison of Autogenous Cancellous Bone Graft and Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy in the Tibial Tuberosity Advancement Procedure in Dogs
    Barnes, Katherine Hirose (Virginia Tech, 2015-07-01)
    Objectives: To compare optical values in the osteotomy gap created after a Tibial Tuberosity Advancement (TTA) treated with autogenous cancellous bone graft (ACBG), extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT), a combination of ACBG and ESWT, and absence of both ACBG and ESWT using densitometry. Methods: Dogs presenting for surgical repair of a cranial cruciate ligament rupture were randomly assigned to one of four groups; TTA with ACBG (TTA-G), TTA with ACBG and ESWT (TTA-GS), TTA with ESWT (TTA-S), and TTA with no additional therapy (TTA-O). Mediolateral radiographs at 0, 4 and 8 weeks after surgery were evaluated to compare healing of the osteotomy gap via densitometry. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical analysis was used to compare the densitometric values between groups. Results: At 4 weeks after surgery, a significant difference in osteotomy gap density was noted between TTA-GS (8.4 millimeters of Aluminum equivalent [mmAleq]) and TTA-S (6.1mmAleq), and between TTA-GS (8.4 mmAleq) and TTA-O (6.4 mmAleq). There were no significant differences noted between groups at the 8 week recheck. Clinical Significance: There were no significant differences in the osteotomy gap density at 8 weeks after surgery regardless of the treatment modality used. The combination of ACBG and ESWT may lead to increased density of the osteotomy gap in the first 4 weeks after surgery. Densitometry using an aluminum step wedge is a feasible method for comparison of bone healing after TTA in dogs.
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    Evaluation of extracorporeal shockwave for treatment of horses with thoracolumbar pain
    Burns, Lauren Trager (Virginia Tech, 2019-09-24)
    The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) on spinal mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT) and multifidus muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) in horses with thoracolumbar pain. We hypothesized that ESWT would increase MNT and multifidus CSA. Twelve horses with thoracolumbar pain were included. Prior to treatment, each thoracolumbar spine was radiographed to document existing pathology. Horses received 3 ESWT treatments, 2 weeks apart (days 0, 14, 28). Palpation scores were documented (days 0, 45, 65) and ultrasonographic CSA of left and right multifidus was recorded at T12, T14, T16, T18, L3 and L5 (days 0, 45, 65). MNT was measured at T12, T14, T16, T18, L3 and L5 every 7 days (day 0-56). Change in MNT in 10/12 horses was significant at each timepoint compared to day 0 (P<0.05). MNT increased at all timepoints at 6 sites in 2/12, at 5 sites in 3/12, at 4 sites in 4/12 and at 1 site in 1/12 (P<0.05). MNT average percent increase from day 0-56 was 64% for T12-T18 and 29% for L3-L5. There was no statistical difference in MNT from day 35-56 (P=0.25). A bimodal analgesic trend was observed following ESWT. Degree of radiographic change was not associated with response to treatment and no significant change in multifidus CSA was observed. In conclusion, 3 treatments of ESWT 2 weeks apart raised MNT over a 56-day period in horses with back pain, but did not influence change in CSA of the multifidus.
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    Long-term Formation of Aggressive Bony Lesions in Dogs with Mid-Diaphyseal Fractures Stabilized with Metallic Plates: Incidence in a Tertiary Referral Hospital Population
    Gilley, Robert S.; Hiebert, Elizabeth; Clapp, Kemba; Bartl-Wilson, Lara; Nappier, Michael T.; Werre, Stephen R.; Barnes, Katherine (2017)
    The incidence of complications secondary to fracture stabilization, particularly osteolytic lesions and bony tumor formation, has long been difficult to evaluate. The objective of this study was to describe the long-term incidence of aggressive bony changes developing in dogs with long bone diaphyseal fractures stabilized by metallic bone plates compared to a breed-, sex-, and age-matched control group. The medical records of a tertiary referral center were retrospectively reviewed for dogs that matched each respective criterion. Signalment, history, cause of death (if applicable), and aggressive bony changes at previous fracture sites were recorded. Ninety dogs met the criteria for inclusion in the fracture group and were matched with appropriate control dogs. Four of the dogs in the fracture group developed aggressive bony changes at the site of previous fracture repairs most consistent with osseous neoplasia. One lesion was confirmed with cytology as neoplastic. The population of dogs was mixed with regard to breed and body weight, but all dogs with aggressive bony lesions were male. Incidence of aggressive bony lesion formation in the fracture group was 4 (4.4%) and was 0 (0%) in the control group; three (75%) of the affected dogs in the fracture group included cerclage as a component of their primary fracture stabilizations. Incidence of aggressive bony lesions in the fracture group compared to the control group was determined to be statistically significant (p = 0.0455), as was the incidence of cerclage among dogs affected by aggressive bony lesions compared to the rest of the fracture group (p = 0.0499). Development of aggressive bony lesions is an uncommon complication of fracture fixation. Additional research is needed to further identify and elucidate the long-term effects of metallic implants in dogs.
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    Phase I Clinical Trial of Recombinant Oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus for Intracranial Meningioma
    King, Jamie N. (Virginia Tech, 2017-07-14)
    Meningioma is one of the most commonly diagnosed intracranial tumors in dogs and humans. Treatment failures resulting in local recurrence and death remain common in tumors of high grade, prompting a need for additional therapeutic options that are both effective and affordable. Genetic modification of the LaSota strain of Newcastle Disease Virus (rLAS) has allowed the virus' fusion protein cleavage site to be replaced with that belonging to urokinase plasminogen activator (rLAS-uPA). This site is cleavable exclusively by the uPA receptor (uPAR), which is overexpressed in canine meningioma. The rLAS-uPA represents a targeted therapy that has the potential to be efficacious against meningioma when administered systemically. A Phase I clinical trial was designed to evaluate the safety and preliminary efficacy of rLAS-uPA administered to dogs with presumptive intracranial meningioma. The primary endpoint was to define the safety of rLAS-uPA, as determined by serial clinical and laboratory assessments during and after viral administration, using standard toxicity metrics defined by the Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group (VCOG). Secondary end-points included anti-tumor activity quantified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment of tumor size, and characterization of immune responses to the rLAS-uPA. Four dogs completed the trial without significant toxicity. No objective tumor responses were noted on MRI from any dog. All dogs produced antiviral antibodies and increased circulating cytokines during the course of treatment. No virus was recovered from plasma, urine, or cerebrospinal fluid. These results indicate that further investigation into the rLAS-uPA dose intensity and interval are required to further develop this therapy.