Browsing by Author "Conner, Maynard C."
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- An econometric model of the world palm oil market and policy implications for the United StatesDwyer, John Albert (Virginia Tech, 1977-08-05)This study is concerned with developing a dynamic commodity market model for the international palm oil market. Policy implications for the United States and the rest of the world under alternative trade restrictions and policy instruments are assessed, The first objective of this analysis is related to specifying, developing, and obtaining estimates of the structural parameters of the import demand and producer-export supply relationships for the international palm oil market. The short-run import demand price elasticities reported for the United States, the EEC and Canada, and Japan are -3.04, -1.13, and -.418, respectively. The value of the short-run export supply price elasticity is .138. The second objective of the analysis involved evaluating short-run price and quantity impacts associated with imposing a specific import tax on United States palm oil imports. Results of multiplier analysis suggest reduced United States palm oil imports, increased EEC and Canada, and Japanese palm oil imports, reduced world producer-exports of palm oil, and lower world palm oil prices. The final policy objective focuses upon evaluating short-run price and quantity impacts resulting from increased levels of World Bank funding of palm oil projects in the major producer-exporter countries. Interim and total multipliers suggest increased levels of palm oil imports and exports and reduced world palm oil price levels.
- The effects of various wage rates on farm organization and structure in Southwest Virginia: a study minimizing average outlay when obtaining specified income levelsGivan, William D. (Virginia Tech, 1968-12-15)This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of various wage rates on the minimum amounts of resources needed to obtain specified income levels on farms in Southwest Virginia. In addition, the aggregate effects of these wage rates on the structure and organization of farms in this area was determined. A linear programming model with added average outlay as a minimization criterion was constructed to determine the optimum resource use and enterprise combinations for' three representative farms to achieve operator labor incomes of $3,500, $5,000, $7,000, respectively. An aggregation model was used to determine the aggregate effects of these changes on farm organization and structure in the area. The study indicated that there are presently a large number of farms in the area with open land acreage below the minimum required to provide full-time productive employment for the operator. When available cropland is not sufficient to enable an individual to obtain a specified income, it is more profitable, in terms of minimizing average outlay, to purchase additional open land in order to obtain additional tobacco acreage and other cropland, than to utilize large amounts of existing unused pasture. An increase in hired labor wage rates, when an individual farm is achieving a specified income, may result in the hiring of additional labor, however, added amounts of non-labor inputs would increase at a faster rate than increases in amounts of labor used. Should all farms in the area adjust to attain the income levels specified in the study, farm numbers would decrease. An increase in the production of crops and livestock enterprises would result. This increased production would result in gross returns from the sales of crops of more than three times the amount presently received from crop sales in the area, and returns from livestock sales would be more than twice the amount presently received. This production would be produced by a total labor force of one-half, or less, the present labor force available on the farms in the study area. The results of this analysis substantiate the results of earlier studies which indicate that capital will be substituted for labor as farm wages are increased, and, an increase in aggregate farm production can be obtained with a decrease in total farm labor utilized. A need for some type of labor-saving innovation, as increased price supports for burley tobacco, will become necessary as the price of labor and other farm inputs increase. A study devoted to the development and analysis of some type of policy to encourage the combination of the smaller farms into larger, more efficient units is in order if all farm operators are to earn income levels comparable to that of off-farm employment. The resulting production from such a change would alter the type of farming presently conducted in the area.
- Milk movement and plant location for minimizing milk marketing costs in the SoutheastMcDowell, F. Howard; Conner, Maynard C. (Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, 1982-08)Various institutional and economic forces influence the current organizational structure of the dairy industry. Among the institutional forces are various state marketing regulations and commissions, the United States Department of Agriculture with its marketing and pricing policies and agencies, the Federal Trade Commission, and the United States Department of Justice. The economic forces seem to be embodied in new technologies associated with processing and transportation...
- Seasonality of prices, marketings and cash production costs of broilers in the 10-county Shenandoah Valley area, 1951-1956Williams, Charles Elwood (Virginia Tech, 1957-05-15)This study was undertaken to determine the influence or seasonality on marketings, farm price and cash production cost of broilers in the 10-County Shenandoah Valley Area, The association between the seasonal pattern of broiler marketings and the seasonal variation in broiler prices and the relationship of seasonal variations in cash production cost to the seasonal movement of broiler marketings were also determined. Weekly, rather than monthly data were used in the construction of various seasonal indexes.