Browsing by Author "Doughty, H. B."
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- Squash Bug (Hemiptera: Coreidae): Biology and Management in Cucurbitaceous CropsDoughty, H. B.; Wilson, James M.; Schultz, Peter B.; Kuhar, Thomas P. (2016-01-19)The squash bug, Anasa tristis (DeGeer), is an endemic species of the Americas that feeds on plants in the family Cucurbitaceae. The pest is particularly abundant and damaging on plants in the genus Cucurbita (i.e., zucchini, summer squash, and pumpkins). Squash bug has become problematic in recent years due to changes in insecticide use strategies by conventional growers, dramatic increases in organic vegetable production, and increasing incidences of cucurbit yellow vine disease, a phloem-clogging bacterial disease transmitted by the bug. A review of insect biology, description of life stages, host plants, damage, and management options for squash bug is presented.
- Sweet Corn Sentinel Monitoring for Lepidopteran Field-Evolved Resistance to Bt ToxinsDively, G. P.; Kuhar, Thomas P.; Taylor, Sally V.; Doughty, H. B.; Holmstrom, K.; Gilrein, D.; Nault, B. A.; Ingerson-Mahar, J.; Whalen, J.; Reisig, D.; Frank, Daniel L.; Fleischer, S. J.; Owens, David; Welty, C.; Reay-Jones, F. P. F.; Porter, P.; Smith, J. L.; Saguez, J.; Murray, S.; Wallingford, A.; Byker, H.; Jensen, B.; Burkness, E.; Hutchison, W. D.; Hamby, K. A. (Oxford University Press, 2021-02-01)As part of an insect resistance management plan to preserve Bt transgenic technology, annual monitoring of target pests is mandated to detect susceptibility changes to Bt toxins. Currently Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) monitoring involves investigating unexpected injury in Bt crop fields and collecting larvae from non-Bt host plants for laboratory diet bioassays to determine mortality responses to diagnostic concentrations of Bt toxins. To date, this monitoring approach has not detected any significant change from the known range of baseline susceptibility to Bt toxins, yet practical field-evolved resistance in H. zea populations and numerous occurrences of unexpected injury occur in Bt crops. In this study, we implemented a network of 73 sentinel sweet corn trials, spanning 16 U.S. states and 4 Canadian provinces, for monitoring changes in H. zea susceptibility to Cry and Vip3A toxins by measuring differences in ear damage and larval infestations between isogenic pairs of non-Bt and Bt hybrids over three years. This approach can monitor susceptibility changes and regional differences in other ear-feeding lepidopteran pests. Temporal changes in the field efficacy of each toxin were evidenced by comparing our current results with earlier published studies, including baseline data for each Bt trait when first commercialized. Changes in amount of ear damage showed significant increases in H. zea resistance to Cry toxins and possibly lower susceptibility to Vip3a. Our findings demonstrate that the sentinel plot approach as an in-field screen can effectively monitor phenotypic resistance and document field-evolved resistance in target pest populations, improving resistance monitoring for Bt crops.