Browsing by Author "Drake, Charles R."
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- 1976 Virginia plant disease control guideCouch, Houston B.; Drake, Charles R.; Hickey, K. D.; Lambe, Robert C.; Osborne, W. Wyatt; Pristou, Robert; Skelly, John M.; Stipes, R. Jay; Baldwin, Robert E. (Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, 1976-01)Guide is intended to serve as a ready reference to disease control measures for extension agents, growers, custom spray applicators, processors, chemical company representatives, and dealers in Virginia
- 1988-89 pest management guide for home fruit productionDrake, Charles R. (Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, 1988-01)
- Agricultural plant pest control : a training program for the certification of pesticide applicatorsAllen, William A.; Brann, Daniel E.; Chappell, William E.; Drake, Charles R.; McPherson, Robert M.; Martin, J. M.; Roberts, James E.; Smith, Ellen S. (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Extension Division, 1979)
- Biology of virulent and hypovirulent Endothia parasitica on American chestnut (Castanea dentata)Hebard, Frederick Vanuxem (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1982)Results of inoculations of grafts, seedlings, excised stems, and intact trees of large, surviving American chestnut indicated that some have heritable blight resistance. Some degree of resistance in American chestnut possibly would assist spread of hypovirulence (H) factors. The pathogenicity of the H isolate but not the V (virulent) isolate appeared to influence the size and sporulating characteristics of biocontrolled H+V cankers. The histopathology of canker development on blight-resistant Chinese and blight-resistant and blight-susceptible American chestnut was examined after inoculation with V and H E-parasitica. Rapid formation and continual growth of mycelial fans distinguished chestnut blight cankers incited by V E-parasitica from those incited by H E-parasitica, and distinguished cankers on susceptible chestnut from cankers on resistant chestnut. Differences among such cankers in wound periderm and other pathological alterations of bark and wood anatomy probably were results of differences in rates of fan formation and growth. Wound periderm formation began at the deepest point of a wound or canker and progressed outward to the bark surface. Superficial cankers arose in resistant trees or with hypovirulent fungus when slow-forming mycelial fans expanded through areas where wound periderm had not formed. Rapid epidemics of chestnut blight occur in recently clearcut areas but not in areas with large trees of species other than American chestnut, most probably because chestnut sprouts released after cutting become larger than they do when overtopped by large forest trees. The size of chestnut sprouts appeared to influence the rate of blight progress by setting a maximum limit on canker size and thus canker sporulation. It may be possible to foster spread of H factors in the Appalachians if blight epidemics in clearcuts can be prolonged. This might be done by restricting inoculum production. Cutting and removing some blighted sprouts, cutting some large unblighted sprouts, or increasing blight resistance in the chestnut population are three potential means of restricting inoculum production.
- Chemical pest control information for home fruit productionDrake, Charles R.; Robinson, William H.; Chappell, William E.; Horsburgh, Robert L. (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Extension Division, 1977-05)Growing fruits in the home orchard or garden can be an interesting and satisfying hobby as well as an abundant source of appetizing and nutritious food for the home gardener. Tree fruits as well as small fruits require considerable care. They differ considerably in the amount of care required because of the severity of 'disease and insect attacks as well as competition from weeds and the length of time from bloom to harvest of the many fruit varieties. As a rule of thumb, the flowers and fruit of most fruit varieties must be protected from diseases and insects by protective sprays from pre-early-blossom time until harvest. Therefore...
- Chemicals for the control of diseases and weeds of commercial tree and small fruitsDrake, Charles R.; Yoder, Keith S. (Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, 1979-01)
- Chemicals for the control of diseases, insects, and weeds of commercial tree and small fruitsDrake, Charles R.; Yoder, Keith S.; Horsburgh, Robert L. (Robert Laurie), 1931- (Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, 1981-01)
- Commercial spray schedule for disease and insect control on grapesDrake, Charles R.; Robinson, William H. (Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, 1978-01)KEYS TO PROPER USE OF PESTICIDES 1. Read the label on each pesticide container before each use. Follow instructions to the letter; heed all cautions and warnings, and note precautions about residues. 2. Keep pesticides in the containers in which you bought them. Put them where children or animals cannot get to them, preferably under lock and away from food, feed, seed, or other material that may become harmful if contaminated. 3. Dispose of empty containers in the manner specified on the label. SEE YOUR DOCTOR IF SYMPTOMS OF ILLNESS OCCUR DURING OR AFTER USE OF PESTICIDES.
- Disease and weed control for tree and small fruitsDrake, Charles R.; Yoder, Keith S. (Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, 1977-01)
- Diseases of grapes and their control in VirginiaDrake, Charles R. (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Extension Division, 1980-03)Viticulture and controlling various diseases in grapes
- Effect of benomyl, Topsin-M, and Botran against Monilinia fructicola and Rhizopus nigricans on peach and nectarine fruits and in vitroBrown, Herbert Irving (Virginia Tech, 1975-05-09)Monilinia fructicola (Wint.) Honey, and Rhizopus nigricans Erh., the causal organisms of brown rot and Rhizopus rot, respectively, have long been recognized as the two major causes of post-harvest rots on peach and nectarine fruits. Fruit losses of as much as 50% may occur during storage, transport, and marketing from these two diseases if effective fungicide treatments are not used. Application of fungicide suspensions as post-harvest dips have been reported to reduce losses from post-harvest rots considerably, however, more effective treatments are needed. Tests were made of three fungicides: benomyl [methyl-l-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazole carbamate], Topsin-M [dimethyl-4,4'-ophenelenebis (3-thioallophanate) , and Botran (2,6-dichloro-4-nitroanaline) against the two post-harvest rot fungi, M. fructicola and R. nigricans, on peach and nectarine fruits and in vitro. Fruits were inoculated with an equal concentration of spores of both fungi, then treated, by dipping in the different fungicide suspensions at 0, 4, 8, and 12 hour intervals after inoculation. Three concentrations of benomyl or Topsin-M (300, 450, and 600 ~g/ml) were used in combination with corresponding concentrations of Botran (600" 900, and 1200 Ug/ml). Number of decayed fruits increased with time of treatment after inoculation up to 8 hours then leveled off. Lesion progression, however, was slower with all fungicide treatments as compared to those of the untreated check fruit. Percent of decayed fruit remained lower when treatments were applied within 4 hours after inoculation. Later application times were ineffective and fruits showed approximately the same level of infection as controls. Treated nectarines appeared to be more susceptible to the post harvest rots than peaches. This may be due to lower residues of the chemicals remaining on the smooth skinned fruit. Benomyl and Topsin-M were fungitoxic to M. fructicola in vitro but neither was effective against R. nigricans. Botran alone was fungistatic to both R. nigricans and M. fructicola, but often lost effectiveness after 96 hours. Combinations of benomyl plus Botran, or Topsin-M plus Botran, were fungitoxic to M. fructicola and fungistatic to R. nigricans. Botran alone and Botran in combination with benomyl or Topsin-M inhibited germination of M. fructicola and R. nigricans spores more effectively than benomyl or Topsin-M alone. There were no major significant differences in control provided by treatments containing benomyl or Topsin-M. Treatments using Botran with benomyl or Topsin-M did not effectively control post harvest rot when applied later than 4 hours after inoculation. In vitro tests, however, indicated either a synergistic or additive effect of the fungicide combinations against R. nigricans.
- Fire blight of apple and pear and its control in VirginiaDrake, Charles R. (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Extension Division, 1976-01)History of apples and pears internationally and fireblight disease of apples and pears in America
- Fruit diseases : brown rot of peach and nectarine and its control in VirginiaDrake, Charles R. (Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, 1978-05)A discussion of brown rot and its control in peaches and nectarines in Virginia.
- Fruit diseases: apple rots and their control in VirginiaDrake, Charles R. (Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, 1978-05)Various types of rots of apples, their disease processes and control
- Fruit diseases: apple rusts and their control in VirginiaDrake, Charles R. (Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, 1978-05)Symptoms, disease cycle and control of cedar rust and quince rust on apple trees
- Fruit diseases: apple scab and its control in VirginiaDrake, Charles R. (Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, 1978-05)Apple scab fungus its disease process and control in Virginia
- Fruit diseases: cherry diseases and their control in VirginiaDrake, Charles R. (Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, 1978-05)Cherry leaf spot and its control
- Fruit diseases: diseases of plums and prunes and their control in VirginiaDrake, Charles R. (Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, 1978-05)Diseases of plums and prunes including black knot, brown rot, and bacterial spot
- Fruit diseases: diseases of raspberries and blackberries and their control in VirginiaDrake, Charles R. (Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, 1978-05)Raspberry mosaic, leaf curl, mild streak, sterility, are viral disease of raspberries and blackberries. Their disease process and control
- Fruit diseases: peach leaf curlDrake, Charles R. (Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, 1978-05)Peach leaf curl, a fungal disease occurs all over the world where peaches are grown. Disease process and control