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Browsing by Author "Edralin, Don Immanuel A."

Now showing 1 - 20 of 21
  • Agronomic response of eggplant on different rates of vermicast and inorganic fertilizer application
    Mercado, Agustin R. Jr.; Edralin, Don Immanuel A.; Arcinal, Gil A.; Gonzaga, N.; Reyes, Manuel R. (2014)
    The conventional use inorganic fertilizers is expensive and growers are looking towards alternative inputs such as compost, manures, and crop residues to improve/maintain soil fertility. There is a need to improve nutrient management by eggplant growers to manage inputs more efficiently. The use of vermicompost and worm juice is becoming popular issue as part of integrated nutrient and pest management in vegetables particularly in Solanaceous Crops. Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is cultivated for the immature fruits which are either roasted, fried, stuffed, cooked pickled or processed. Young fruits are also eaten raw.
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    Conservation Agriculture for Food Security in Cambodia and the Philippines
    Boulakia, Stephane; Hok, Lyda; Phally, K.; Reyes, Manuel R.; Mercado, Agustin R. Jr.; Ella, Victor B.; Edralin, Don Immanuel A. (Greensboro, NC: North Carolina A&T State University, 2012)
    Degraded landscapes are expanding annually in Southeast Asia. Rural poverty in upland communities increases pressure on natural resources like forest, soil and water . These are the last “capital” for the poor and they are rapidly diminishing due to non-sustainable management. Such practices reduce agricultural productivity, which in turn heightens food insecurity and exacerbates poverty.
  • Conservation agriculture for food security in Cambodia and the Philippines.
    Boulakia, Stephane; Mercado, Agustin R. Jr.; Chabierski, Stephane; Ella, Victor B.; Hok, Lyda; Edralin, Don Immanuel A.; Reyes, Manuel R. (2012)
  • Conservation Agriculture for Food Security in the Philippines
    Mercado, Agustin R. Jr.; Ella, Victor B.; Edralin, Don Immanuel A.; Boulakia, Stephane; Reyes, Manuel R. (2012)
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    Conservation agriculture in urban deserts
    Edralin, Don Immanuel A.; Hok, Lyda; LeNgoc, K.; Williams, Mark A.; Gayle, G.; Raczkowski, Charles W.; Reyes, Manuel R. (2012)
    Limited access to nutritious and affordable food is experienced by 23 million people in the US as they live in 'food desserts' making them food and health insecure. Resources such as land, water, labor and capital are used not in the context of sustainability making the problem more severe. Urban conservation agriculture will be an ‘oasis’ or a sustainable solution to this problem on food desserts and unsustainable resource use. A part of a human disturbed landscape, a turf grass lawn, was converted into ‘oasis sofas’, a 3’ by 6’ vegetable production area outlined by wood, following conservation agriculture principles of minimum soil disturbance, continuous mulch and diverse species at North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University. Rainwater was used for irrigation and leguminous cover crops used to increase soil fertility. The cost of maintaining oasis sofas’ were seen to be lower than maintaining an equal amount of turf lawn. Oasis sofas’ adds beauty and diversity to the lawn while it gives nutritious food to the household. Fall yield of unfertilized vegetables; broccoli, collard greens, kale and lettuce were 4.5, 2.8, 1.7 and 2.6 kilograms, respectively, per ‘oasis sofa’. Part of the capital and hired labor to maintain turf grass lawns may be used to maintain oasis sofa’s which would lead to greater benefits as it brings nutritious food to the household. Oasis sofas ease access to homegrown healthy food which would likely improve the household’s food and health security.
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    Conservation agriculture with drip irrigation in Siem Reap, Cambodia
    Edralin, Don Immanuel A.; Reyes, Manuel R. (2013)
    Vegetable production is a women’s domain in Siem Reap, Cambodia. Women decide what and when to plant, what maintenance activities to do and when to harvest and how much to market and retain for family consumption. Vegetables in Siem Reap comes from neighboring countries such as Vietnam and Thailand. Increasing Siem Reap farmers capacity to produce vegetables will make them compete successfully in the local market. By using conservation agriculture -- minimum soil disturbance, continuous mulch and diverse species -- which minimizes soil evaporation, reduces soil temperature, arrests soil erosion, and increases soil fertility from legume mulch farmers will conserve their soil resource and make their farming more productive and sustainable. The addition of low cost drip irrigation will make Siem Reap women farmers produce well during the dry season (November to April). Even during the rainy season, irrigation is sometimes needed due to having sandy soils that dries up quickly in between rainfall occurrences.CA with drip will lessen labor burden of women farmers in intensive vegetable production. When fully established, the cover crops or mulch in CA will prevent weed growth and lessen evaporation thus needing less water than exposed soils. Drip irrigation will make farmers control water given to plants minimizing water loss, diseases, and weeds. Also, sensitive crops such as cucumbers will not be prone to being hit by the sprinklers avoiding them from being aborted.
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    Developing conservation agriculture production systems for sloping acid upland in the Philippines
    Mercado, Agustin R. Jr.; Arcinal, Gil A.; Edralin, Don Immanuel A.; Ella, Victor B.; Reyes, Manuel R. (2012)
    Degraded landscapes are expanding rapidly in the Philippines. Agricultural productivity is decreased which in turn heightens food insecurity and exacerbates poverty particularly on the sloping acid uplands which soils are inherently poor. Through conservation agriculture (CA) principles and practices of minimal soil disturbance, continuous mulching and diverse species rotations, constitute the best ‘tool box’ to create sustainable permanent cropping systems for annual crop production for sloping tropical uplands. These practices reverse soil degradation, increase crop yield and profits and reduce the labor burden on women. Researchers-managed and farmer-managed conservation agriculture production systems (CAPS) were evaluated across the landscape of Claveria, Philippines including crops and soil fertility management component researches. We found out that cassava (Manihot esculenta) + Stylosanthes guianensis yielded the highest biomass and total sales followed by maize-maize system which yielded better compared with other maize based CAPS. Interplanting maize either with cowpea or ricebean did not give better total grain and biomass yield, but provided higher sales due to relatively better price of beans. Interplanting of maize with cowpea and relayed with upland rice insured food and nutritional security to smallholders by shortening harvest periods to 60 days and increasing harvest cycles. Stylosanthes grown with cassava and maize yielded significantly better than Arachis pintoi than grown with maize. We found out the limiting nutrients were nitrogen (N) > phosphorus (P) > Potassium (K). Omitting N application reduced maize yield by 67%, P by 59% and 21% without K application. Optimum rate of NPK application for maize was 120-20-0, but maintenance K of 17 kg/ha was necessary. Promising varieties of maize, upland rice, cowpea, forage grasses, forage legumes, sweet potato, cassava, sorghum including “adlai” (Job’s tears) were identified out-yielding locally grown varieties in economic and biomass yield which are suitable for CAPS. Our research results can be extrapolated to other upland areas in the Philippines as well as other areas in Southeast Asia as Claveria represents the bio-physical and socio-economic environment of these areas
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    Developing Conservation Agriculture Production Systems in the Philippines
    Mercado, Agustin R. Jr.; Arcinal, Gil A.; Edralin, Don Immanuel A.; Ella, Victor B.; Reyes, Manuel R. (2014)
    Conservation agriculture with trees (CAT) offers solution to this pressing problem through following 5 key principles: Minimum soil disturbance, continuous mulch, maintaining diverse crop species, integrated pests and nutrient management. CAT is very important in soil and water conservation, enhancing agri-diversity, improving farm carbon sequestration potential, maximization of land area usage in the Philippines as well as the reversal of soil degradation thus improving food and nutritional security of the upland dwellers.
  • Developing optimum level of soil nutrient management for maize in conservation agriculture production system (CAPS)
    Mercado, Agustin R. Jr.; Edralin, Don Immanuel A.; Arcinal, Gil A.; Reyes, Manuel R. (2014)
    Maie is the main staple crop in the conservation agriculture production system in this acid upland soil where it is traditionally grown twice a year. Appropriate fertility management is important so that optimum yield and profit can be achieved particularly for smallholder upland farmers cultivating acid soils in the Philippines as well as in Southeast Asia in which environment dominates most of the non-irrigated areas. Identifying the most limiting nutrients and the optimum rates of their application are important for fertility management particularly in conservation agriculture production systems. In order to achieve this objective, we conducted an NPK omission experiment in two different planting spacing and this was followed by experiments on the different rates of NPK.
  • Evergreen Agriculture on Slopes
    Mercado, Agustin R. Jr.; Edralin, Don Immanuel A.; Arcinal, Gil A.; Reyes, Manuel R. (2014)
    Evergreen agriculture on slopes is a dynamic and ecologically based sustainable land management that diversifies and increases production, while simultaneously promoting social, economic and environmental benefits for all land users.
  • Forage herbaceous legumes evaluation for Conservation Agriculture Production Systems (CAPS)
    Mercado, Agustin R. Jr.; Edralin, Don Immanuel A.; Arcinal, Gil A.; Reyes, Manuel R. (2014)
    Forage Legumes are characterized by having seeds in pods with compound leaves and their roots have symbiotic relationship with bacteria which allow nitrogen fixation in the atmosphere. legumes are rich in protein which contain desirable amino acid in their foliage and seeds. Forage legumes were integrated as component in conservation agriculture throughout the wold which provide feed for livestock, as green manure and used as soil conservation measure providing soil cover. Thus, selecting and appropriate forage legume is essential to maximize the benefit of Conservation Production System (CAPS).
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    The Oasissofa: Application of conservation agriculture in urban vegetable production
    Edralin, Don Immanuel A.; Hok, Lyda; Le, K.; Williams, Mark A.; Reyes, Manuel R. (2012)
    The implementation of urban conservation agriculture can serve as an alternative to a lawn that addresses the problem of urban food deserts. This powerpoint summarizes the formation of ‘oasis sofas,’ conservation agriculture vegetable beds 6’ by 3’ in size, at various public schools in North Carolina. Their objective for the study was to show the benefits of Oasis sofas in providing nutritious pesticide free healthy food and for urban conservation agriculture research, instruction and extension.
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    Oasissofas: Growing food while mimicking the forests
    Edralin, Don Immanuel A.; Reyes, Manuel R.; Le, K. N.; Izhar, L.; Creason, S. (2013)
    Water quality in urban areas can be enhanced by biomimicry. In this study, we mimicked the forest by growing vegetables in 6’ x 3’ beds called oasissofas copying a ‘forest ecosystem’ of: continues mulch; minimum soil disturbance – no tillage; and spatial and rotational species diversification. A highly fertilized, compacted and herbicide applied monoculture lawn at the North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University campus was converted into an experimental site to test if an oasissofa system is a better alternative in producing urban vegetables compared with conventional tilled systems. The site used a lot less artificial chemicals than when it was in grass hence water quality from runoff is improved.
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    Smallholder rubber agroforestry system in Mindanao, Philippines: A village approach to climate change mitigation
    Mercado, Agustin R. Jr.; Edralin, Don Immanuel A.; Arcinal, Gil A.; Reyes, Manuel R. (2014)
    This poster presented the impact, sustainability and adaptability of Rubber Agroforestry System (RAS) to smallholder farmers Claveria, Philippines.
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    Urban conservation agriculture with vegetables
    Edralin, Don Immanuel A.; Kieu, L. N.; Tran, D.; Creason, S.; Reyes, Manuel R. (2014)
    This poster describes the implementation of a project to promote vegetable gardening with conservation agriculture in urban schools.
  • Varietal trial of Adlai (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) for Conservation Agriculture Production Systems (CAPS)
    Mercado, Agustin R. Jr.; Edralin, Don Immanuel A.; Arcinal, Gil A.; Reyes, Manuel R. (2014)
    Conservation Agriculture Production Systems (CAPS) promotes food security while improving input efficiency, protect and improve soil, and its diversity, and sustain crop yields. Adlai is a tropical crop valued for its many uses, cereal for food, feed for animals and beads for making rosaries, necklace and other objects. It also has many medicinal uses, although some claims need scientific evidences. Thus, adlai can be a potential crop to achieve full benefits in CAPS.
  • Varietal trial of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)for Conservation Agriculture Production System
    Mercado, Agustin R. Jr.; Edralin, Don Immanuel A.; Arcinal, Gil A.; Reyes, Manuel R. (Claveria, Misamis Oriental, Philippines, World Agroforestry Center-ICRAF, 2014)
    Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is considered one of the most important economic crops in the Philippines. However,cassava is no longer a staple food for Filipinos as it is used to be, but it is an important cash crop for upland small and large farmers. It is widely cultivated in many areas in the Philippines thus it is important crop to be integrated into the conservation agriculture production system (CAPS). Nearly all the harvested roots are now processed into dry chips and pellets for export as animal feed, as well as into starch, both for domestic and international use. Major production problems are declining soil fertility,soil erosion and the strong fluctuation of the cassava root prices. Identification of suitable high yielding cassava varieties is equally important in our on CAPS. In the context of CAPS,total above ground biomass is one of the important parameters in selecting appropriate variety. Thus we are evaluating cassava varieties that have high both in root and above ground biomass that can be used as mulch for the subsequent crops.
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    Varietal trial of crops for Conservation Agriculture Production Systems (CAPS)
    Mercado, Agustin R. Jr.; Edralin, Don Immanuel A.; Arcinal, Gil A.; Reyes, Manuel R.; Ella, Victor B. (2014)
    Crops with high biomass and marketable yield were aimed to be identified to be used in Conservation Agriculture Production Systems (CAPS). This is done in order to provide good soil cover and high profitability at the same time.
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    Varietal trial of crops for conservation agriculture with trees
    Mercado, Agustin R. Jr.; Arcinal, Gil A.; Edralin, Don Immanuel A.; Reyes, Manuel R.; Ella, Victor B. (2012)
    Crops with high biomass and marketable yield were aimed to be identified to be used in Conservation Agriculture Production Systems (CAPS).
  • Varietal trial of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) for Conservation Agriculture Production Systems (CAPS)
    Mercado, Agustin R. Jr.; Edralin, Don Immanuel A.; Arcinal, Gil A.; Reyes, Manuel R. (2014)
    Conservation Agriculture aims to achieve sustainable and profitable agriculture and subsequently aimed at improved livelihoods of farmers through the application of three CA principles:minimal soil disturbance, permanent soil cover and crop rotations. One of the annual crops being integrated by farmers is sweet potatothis can grow well in many farming conditions and can be maintained in the ground and harvested as needed for marked or home consumption. Identification of of suitable high yielding sweet potato varieties is necessary when it is included in conservation agriculture production systems (CAPS). In the context of CAPS, total above ground biomass and root yield are the important parameters in selecting appropriate variety. Thus we are evaluating varieties with these characteristics that can be used as potential inclusion in CAPS.