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Browsing by Author "Ekroos, Johan"

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    Archetype models upscale understanding of natural pest control response to land-use change
    Alexandridis, Nikolaos; Marion, Glenn; Chaplin-Kramer, Rebecca; Dainese, Matteo; Ekroos, Johan; Grab, Heather; Jonsson, Mattias; Karp, Daniel S.; Meyer, Carsten; O'Rourke, Megan E.; Pontarp, Mikael; Poveda, Katja; Seppelt, Ralf; Smith, Henrik G.; Walters, Richard J.; Clough, Yann; Martin, Emily A. (Wiley, 2022-06)
    Control of crop pests by shifting host plant availability and natural enemy activity at landscape scales has great potential to enhance the sustainability of agriculture. However, mainstreaming natural pest control requires improved understanding of how its benefits can be realized across a variety of agroecological contexts. Empirical studies suggest significant but highly variable responses of natural pest control to land-use change. Current ecological models are either too specific to provide insight across agroecosystems or too generic to guide management with actionable predictions. We suggest obtaining the full benefit of available empirical, theoretical, and methodological knowledge by combining trait-mediated understanding from correlative studies with the explicit representation of causal relationships achieved by mechanistic modeling. To link these frameworks, we adapt the concept of archetypes, or context-specific generalizations, from sustainability science. Similar responses of natural pest control to land-use gradients across cases that share key attributes, such as functional traits of focal organisms, indicate general processes that drive system behavior in a context-sensitive manner. Based on such observations of natural pest control, a systematic definition of archetypes can provide the basis for mechanistic models of intermediate generality that cover all major agroecosystems worldwide. Example applications demonstrate the potential for upscaling understanding and improving predictions of natural pest control, based on knowledge transfer and scientific synthesis. A broader application of this mechanistic archetype approach promises to enhance ecology's contribution to natural resource management across diverse regions and social-ecological contexts.
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    A global synthesis reveals biodiversity-mediated benefits for crop production
    Dainese, Matteo; Martin, Emily A.; Aizen, Marcelo A.; Albrecht, Matthias; Bartomeus, Ignasi; Bommarco, Riccardo; Carvalheiro, Luisa G.; Chaplin-Kramer, Rebecca; Gagic, Vesna; Garibaldi, Lucas A.; Ghazoul, Jaboury; Grab, Heather; Jonsson, Mattias; Karp, Daniel S.; Kennedy, Christina M.; Kleijn, David; Kremen, Claire; Landis, Douglas A.; Letourneau, Deborah K.; Marini, Lorenzo; Poveda, Katja; Rader, Romina; Smith, Henrik G.; Tscharntke, Teja; Andersson, Georg K. S.; Badenhausser, Isabelle; Baensch, Svenja; Bezerra, Antonio Diego M.; Bianchi, Felix J. J. A.; Boreux, Virginie; Bretagnolle, Vincent; Caballero-Lopez, Berta; Cavigliasso, Pablo; Cetkovic, Aleksandar; Chacoff, Natacha P.; Classen, Alice; Cusser, Sarah; da Silva e Silva, Felipe D.; de Groot, G. Arjen; Dudenhoeffer, Jan H.; Ekroos, Johan; Fijen, Thijs; Franck, Pierre; Freitas, Breno M.; Garratt, Michael P. D.; Gratton, Claudio; Hipolito, Juliana; Holzschuh, Andrea; Hunt, Lauren; Iverson, Aaron L.; Jha, Shalene; Keasar, Tamar; Kim, Tania N.; Kishinevsky, Miriam; Klatt, Bjorn K.; Klein, Alexandra-Maria; Krewenka, Kristin M.; Krishnan, Smitha; Larsen, Ashley E.; Lavigne, Claire; Liere, Heidi; Maas, Bea; Mallinger, Rachel E.; Martinez Pachon, Eliana; Martinez-Salinas, Alejandra; Meehan, Timothy D.; Mitchell, Matthew G. E.; Molina, Gonzalo A. R.; Nesper, Maike; Nilsson, Lovisa; O'Rourke, Megan E.; Peters, Marcell K.; Plecas, Milan; Potts, Simon G.; Ramos, Davi de L.; Rosenheim, Jay A.; Rundlof, Maj; Rusch, Adrien; Saez, Agustin; Scheper, Jeroen; Schleuning, Matthias; Schmack, Julia M.; Sciligo, Amber R.; Seymour, Colleen; Stanley, Dara A.; Stewart, Rebecca M.; Stout, Jane C.; Sutter, Louis; Takada, Mayura B.; Taki, Hisatomo; Tamburini, Giovanni; Tschumi, Matthias; Viana, Blandina F.; Westphal, Catrin; Willcox, Bryony K.; Wratten, Stephen D.; Yoshioka, Akira; Zaragoza-Trello, Carlos; Zhang, Wei; Zou, Yi; Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf (AAAS, 2019-10)
    Human land use threatens global biodiversity and compromises multiple ecosystem functions critical to food production. Whether crop yield-related ecosystem services can be maintained by a few dominant species or rely on high richness remains unclear. Using a global database from 89 studies (with 1475 locations), we partition the relative importance of species richness, abundance, and dominance for pollination; biological pest control; and final yields in the context of ongoing land-use change. Pollinator and enemy richness directly supported ecosystem services in addition to and independent of abundance and dominance. Up to 50% of the negative effects of landscape simplification on ecosystem services was due to richness losses of service-providing organisms, with negative consequences for crop yields. Maintaining the biodiversity of ecosystem service providers is therefore vital to sustain the flow of key agroecosystem benefits to society.
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    Resourcification: A non-essentialist theory of resources for sustainable development
    Corvellec, Herve; Hultman, Johan; Jerneck, Anne; Arvidsson, Susanne; Ekroos, Johan; Wahlberg, Niklas; Luke, Timothy W. (2021-06-14)
    Overuse of resources is accelerating current negative trends in climate change, ecosystem destruction, and biodiversity loss. The ultimate outcome is that contemporary human society is reaching or exceeding the limits of planetary boundaries. It is therefore imperative to articulate a new theoretical understanding of resources and the ethical, political, and environmental conditions of their use. In this article, we take a radical departure from treating resources as having fixed, essential and ready to exploit qualities, and offer a non-essentialist theory that considers that resources come into being as a result of social processes. We label this approach resourcification. This shift offers a new theoretical platform for developing a post-sustainability understanding of the relationships of humans to humans, to other living creatures, and to the physical environment, one that is more suited to meeting the challenges of working with the sustainable development goals in the Anthropocene.