Browsing by Author "Engle, Carole R."

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    Characterization of supply of marine finfish species with potential for commercial growth in the United States
    Engle, Carole R.; van Senten, Jonathan; Schwarz, Michael H. (Wiley, 2022-10-12)
    Global production of marine finfish has grown in total volume of production and the number of species farmed commercially, but there has been little production in the United States of marine finfish other than salmon and red drum. For most species considered to be ready for commercialization, there are few or no farms from which to evaluate the size of the market or to estimate revenues and costs necessary to assess economic feasibility. This present study takes a first step to fill this gap with an analysis of the existing supply of 20 marine finfish species identified as candidates for commercialization in the United States, as a proxy for effective demand (the volume of a product sold at the market equilibrium price). Secondary data from 1950 (where available) through 2019 were compiled on each species, including (1) global aquaculture production, (2) US aquaculture production, (3) US commercial landings, (4) US recreational landings, and (5) imports. Current effective market demand (measured as the sum of commercial landings, farmed production, and imports) was low, totaling 36.6 million kg across the 20 species, which is equivalent to less than 23% of the annual volume sold of US farmed catfish. Commercial landings for 17 of the 20 species exhibited declines, potentially offering opportunities for farmed product to capture market share by filling the increasing gaps in supply. The variability in commercial landings provides opportunities for farms to capitalize on their advantage in supplying product with a high degree of consistency of volume, size, delivery frequency, and quality. Several unknown factors suggest the need for follow-up studies on consumer preferences, degree of substitutability among finfish species, and effects of recreational landings on demand. An important limitation to prospective producers is the lack of species-specific import data for the generic categories of “flounder,” “bass,” and “snapper.” This supply analysis provides a foundational analysis for prospective producers, investors, and researchers interested in commercialization of these marine species.
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    Cormorant predation of commercial catfish aquaculture in the Mississippi Delta
    Christie, Terrel; Door, Brian; Roy, Luke A.; Kelly, Anita M.; Engle, Carole R.; Burr, Paul; Davis, Brian; van Senten, Jonathan (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2020)
    Cormorants are efficient fish eating birds that will eat about one pound of fish per day. In the Delta, commercially produced catfish make up and average of 33% of a cormorant's diet.
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    Costs of Regulations on Baitfish/Sportfish Farms: What Will it be for Trout?
    Engle, Carole R.; van Senten, Jonathan (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2017-01-30)
    Examines how regulations effect costs of producing trout on baitfish and sportfish farms.
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    The Costs of Regulations on US Baitfish and Sportfish Producers
    van Senten, Jonathan; Engle, Carole R. (Wiley-Blackwell, 2017-03-23)
    The US regulatory environment has been characterized as complex due to the greater than 1300 laws promulgated at local, state, and federal levels. Recent declines in the growth rate of US aquaculture have been attributed, in part, to a complex, overlapping, and inefficient regulatory framework. This study is the first to examine this question by quantifying the farm‐level regulatory burden and its economic effects in an aquaculture industry sector. A survey was conducted of baitfish and sportfish producers in the 13 major production states in the USA to identify the direct and indirect costs of regulation on producers. Survey responses captured 74% of the national volume of baitfish and sportfish production. The data revealed that only 1% of total regulatory costs are direct costs of regulation, such as license and permit fees, while 99% of the costs are due to manpower used for compliance, farm changes to remain in compliance, and sales lost without replacement. Costs due to regulations varied across states and farm sizes. Across all respondents, average total regulatory costs were found to be $148,554/farm, or $7383/ha. The farm‐level cost to the US baitfish and sportfish industry was estimated to be in excess of $12 million. On 38% of the farms, the cost of regulations exceeded the value of profits on baitfish and sportfish farms. Our findings confirm previous reports of the complexity of the regulatory environment. Results show that the total regulatory burden has increased farm‐level costs and restricted access to markets, thereby reducing profitability and contributing to reduced growth of the US baitfish and sportfish industry.
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    Distribution and abundance of scaup using baitfish and sportfish farms in eastern Arkansas
    Clements, Stephen A.; Dorr, Brian S.; Davis, J. Brian; Roy, Luke A.; Engle, Carole R.; Hanson-Dorr, Katie C.; Kelly, Anita M. (2020-11)
    Arkansas' bait- and sportfish facilities are commonly used by various piscivorous bird species, including lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) and greater scaup (A. marila) that consume substantial quantities of fish. To mediate this predation, farmers implement extensive bird harassment programs that create additional costs to fish loss, thus research investigating the distribution and abundance of scaup is needed to help farmers allocate their bird harassment efforts more efficiently. In winters 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 we conducted 1,368 pond surveys to investigate pond use by scaup on farms during birds' regular wintering period (i.e., November-March). We used intrinsic and extrinsic pond-level and farm-level characteristics as explanatory variables in generalized linear models to reveal characteristics associated with increased scaup use. Inter-annual differences in scaup use were also considered in each model. Our pond-level model showed that scaup occurred more frequently on larger golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas) and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) ponds stocked at greater densities, particularly during our second study winter. Our farm-level model suggested that farms further from major rivers and with an average pond size of approximately eight hectares had the greatest probability of scaup use. Producers can apply findings from our models to implement bird harassment efforts in times and locations where scaup predation is more likely to occur.
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    The Effects of Regulation on Ornamental Aquaculture Farms in Florida
    Boldt, Noah C.; Van Senten, Jonathan; Engle, Carole R.; Cassiano, Eric J.; DiMaggio, Matthew A. (University of Florida George A. Smathers Libraries, 2022-11-01)
    Florida’s diverse ornamental aquaculture industry has many unique challenges that set it apart from other aquaculture commodity groups.  The numerous production techniques, diversity of species, and various market outlets make the ornamental aquaculture industry an intriguing study in how regulations impact the industry.  By understanding those regulatory impacts, we can streamline efforts to address them.  A study was conducted to measure the regulatory impact on ornamental aquaculture farms in Florida using on-farm data from 2018. All farms were censused in the state and results covered 82% of the industry with a response rate of 41% of farms. This factsheet discusses the results of that study and the regulatory burden that the ornamental aquaculture industry in Florida endures.
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    The effects of regulations on efficiency of U.S. baitfish and sportfish producers
    van Senten, Jonathan; Engle, Carole R.; Dey, Madan M. (2018-01-20)
    The stringency of the regulatory environment has been shown to negatively affect the growth of aquaculture. A technical efficiency analysis of baitfish/sportfish production in the United States was performed using a stochastic production frontier model and a jointly estimated maximum-likelihood procedure (Frontier 4.1). Determinants of inefficiency were assessed for their relationship to farm efficiency. Mean technical efficiency for U.S. baitfish and sportfish producers was found to be 77%. Several regulatory variables were found to be significant in explaining the variation in levels of efficiency, including the number of annual renewals of permits and licenses and the amount of manpower required to comply with regulations. Results support the hypothesis that the current regulatory environment in the United States has reduced efficiency and economic competitiveness of baitfish and sportfish producers.
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    The Effects of Regulations on the Florida Ornamental Aquaculture Industry Infographic
    Boldt, Noah C.; Van Senten, Jonathan; Engle, Carole R.; Cassiano, Eric J.; DiMaggio, Matthew A. (University of Florida George A Smathers Libraries, 2023-06-01)
    This infographic accompanies "The Effects of Regulation on Ornamental Aquaculture Farms in Florida" (https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/FA248), an Ask IFAS factsheet that discusses the results of a study conducted to measure the impact of regulations on ornamental aquaculture farms in Florida using on-farm data from 2018. Florida’s diverse ornamental aquaculture industry has many unique challenges that set it apart from other aquaculture commodity groups. The numerous production techniques, diversity of species, and various market outlets make the ornamental aquaculture industry an intriguing study in how regulations impact the industry. By understanding regulatory impacts, we can streamline efforts to address them.
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    Enterprise Budgets for Trout Production in Idaho
    Engle, Carole R.; van Senten, Jonathan; Jonathan van Senten; Fornshell, Gary (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2021-02-05)
    Idaho is the leading trout-producing state in the U.S. In 2018, Idaho produced 56% of the national production of foodsized trout (27.6 million pounds) (USDA-NASS 2019). This fact sheet focuses on costs of producing trout for foodfish. An enterprise budget can be useful to provide a general estimate of average costs, returns, profitability, and breakeven prices (costs per lb of production) of a farm. It should be viewed as a guide in terms of what types of expenses are likely to occur and, for an average year, whether the trout business would be expected to be profitable or not.
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    Has the Regulatory Compliance Burden Reduced Competitiveness of the U.S. Tilapia Industry?
    Engle, Carole R.; van Senten, Jonathan; Clark, Charles; Boldt, Noah (MDPI, 2023-03-02)
    Emerging research on aquaculture governance has pointed to the conundrum of negative global environmental effects from economic incentives for aquaculture production to shift from more highly regulated to less regulated countries. This study has focused on examining whether regulatory costs on U.S. tilapia farms may have contributed to their contraction in contrast to the growth of global tilapia production that contributes to the volume of seafood imports into the U.S. A national survey (coverage rate = 75% of tilapia sold; response rate = 18%) found that on-farm regulatory costs accounted for 15% of total production costs on U.S. tilapia farms, the fifth-highest cost of production. The total direct regulatory costs nationally were $4.4 million, averaging $137,611/farm. Most problematic were regulations of effluent discharge, predatory bird control, international export, and water and energy policies. Manpower costs for monitoring and reporting were the greatest cost of regulatory compliance. The lost sales revenue resulting from regulations was $32 million a year, or 82% of total annual sales, indicating that the regulatory framework has constrained the growth of U.S. tilapia farming. The smallest tilapia farms had the greatest regulatory cost per kg. This study provides evidence that regulatory costs, along with other challenges related to live fish markets, have contributed to the decline in U.S. tilapia production. Increased competitiveness of the U.S. tilapia industry will require a combination of: (1) improved regulatory efficiency that reduces on-farm cost burdens without reducing societal benefits; (2) research and on-farm extension assistance to evaluate new tilapia fillet equipment; and (3) research on changing consumer preferences to provide guidance on effective strategies to penetrate the large U.S. fillet market.
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    Impacts of COVID-19 on U.S. aquaculture allied business: Quarter 1 Results March 23, 2020 to April 10, 2020
    Engle, Carole R.; van Senten, Jonathan; Smith, Matthew A.; Clark, Charles; Fluharty, Shannon; Schwarz, Michael H. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2021-01-12)
    In response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), Virginia Tech and the Ohio State University collected information about how aquaculture/aquaponics farms and allied businesses have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey was conducted at the conclusion of the first quarter of 2020 to capture and quantify these impacts and effects. The survey will be distributed once per quarter throughout 2020, to capture the evolving effects of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on your farm or business. This publication summarizes the first set of results for the 1st quarter of 2020.
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    Impacts of COVID-19 on U.S. aquaculture, aquaponics, and allied businesses located in the USDA North Central Aquaculture Region: Quarter 1 Results March 23, 2020 to April 10, 2020
    Engle, Carole R.; van Senten, Jonathan; Smith, Matthew A.; Clark, Charles; Fluharty, Shannon; Schwarz, Michael H. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2021-01-13)
    In response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), Virginia Tech and the Ohio State University collected information about how aquaculture/aquaponics farms and allied businesses have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey was conducted at the conclusion of the first quarter of 2020 to capture and quantify these impacts and effects. The survey will be distributed once per quarter throughout 2020, to capture the evolving effects of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on your farm or business. This publication summarizes the first set of results for the 1st quarter of 2020.
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    Impacts of COVID-19 on U.S. aquaculture, aquaponics, and allied businesses located in the USDA Tropical and Subtropical Aquaculture Region: Quarter 1 Results March 23, 2020 to April 10, 2020
    Engle, Carole R.; van Senten, Jonathan; Smith, Matthew A.; Clark, Charles; Fluharty, Shannon; Schwarz, Michael H. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2021-01-14)
    In response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), Virginia Tech and the Ohio State University collected information about how aquaculture/aquaponics farms and allied businesses have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey was conducted at the conclusion of the first quarter of 2020 to capture and quantify these impacts and effects. The survey will be distributed once per quarter throughout 2020, to capture the evolving effects of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on your farm or business. This publication summarizes the first set of results for the 1st quarter of 2020.
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    Impacts of COVID-19 on U.S. aquaculture, aquaponics, and allied businesses located in the USDA Western Aquaculture Region: Quarter 1 Results March 23, 2020 to April 10, 2020
    Engle, Carole R.; van Senten, Jonathan; Smith, Matthew A.; Clark, Charles; Fluharty, Shannon; Schwarz, Michael H. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2021-01-18)
    In response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), Virginia Tech and the Ohio State University collected information about how aquaculture/aquaponics farms and allied businesses have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey was conducted at the conclusion of the first quarter of 2020 to capture and quantify these impacts and effects. The survey will be distributed once per quarter throughout 2020, to capture the evolving effects of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on your farm or business. This publication summarizes the first set of results for the 1st quarter of 2020.
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    Impacts of COVID-19 on U.S. aquaculture, aquaponics, and allied businesses: Quarter 1 - March 23, 2020 to April 10, 2020
    Engle, Carole R.; van Senten, Jonathan; Smith, Matthew A.; Clark, Charles; Fluharty, Shannon; Schwarz, Michael H. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2021-01-13)
    In response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), Virginia Tech and the Ohio State University collected information about how aquaculture/aquaponics farms and allied businesses have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey was conducted at the conclusion of the first quarter of 2020 to capture and quantify these impacts and effects. The survey will be distributed once per quarter throughout 2020, to capture the evolving effects of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on your farm or business. This publication summarizes the first set of results for the 1st quarter of 2020.
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    Impacts of COVID-19 on U.S. aquaculture, aquaponics, and allied businesses: Quarter 1 Results
    van Senten, Jonathan; Smith, Matthew A.; Engle, Carole R. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2020)
    Implementation of social distancing policies, restaurant dine in prohibitions, and stay at home orders across the U.S. has translated into a disruption of market channels for aquaculture, aquaponics, and allied businesses. 68% of all seafood consumed in the U.S. is consumed at food service establishments. So aquaculture business have experienced loss of revenue, interruptions in cash flow, challenges with production and labor.
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    Impacts of COVID-19 on U.S. aquaculture, aquaponics, and allied businesses: Quarter 2 Results
    van Senten, Jonathan; Smith, Matthew A.; Engle, Carole R.; Clark, Charles A.; Schwarz, Michael H. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2020-08-05)
    In response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) disease pandemic, a collaborative initiative was launched byThe Ohio State University, Virginia Tech, and Engle-Stone Aquatic$, LLC to assess the impacts ofthe pandemic on U.S. aquaculture, aquaponics, and allied industry. Results from the first quarter survey(AAEC-218NP) demonstrated that the U.S. aquaculture industry has been impacted by the coronavirus (COVID-19) disease pandemic; with 90% of respondents reporting that their farm or business had been affected by the pandemic in some way. Marketing channels, challenges with labor, and challenges with production. Over the course of the first quarter of 2020, the U.S. government developed and implemented several emergency relief measures, in an effort to assist small businesses and individuals. The Q2 survey asked specifically about these relief and assistance programs, as well as questions on adaptations and changes being implemented by farms and businesses in response to the ongoing challenges. This fact sheet summarizes the Q2 results of this study, covering the period from April 10th to June 29th, 2020
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    Impacts of COVID-19 on U.S. Catfish Business: Quarter 1 Results
    Engle, Carole R.; van Senten, Jonathan; Smith, Matthew A.; Clark, Charles T.; Fluharty, Shannon|Schwarz, Michael H. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2020-11-11)
    In response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), Virginia Tech and the Ohio State University collected information about how catfish farms have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey was conducted at the conclusion of the first quarter of 2020 to capture and quantify these impacts and effects. This publication summarizes the first set of results for the 1st quarter of 2020.
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    Impacts of COVID-19 on U.S. crustacean farms: Quarter 1 Results March 23, 2020 to April 10, 2020
    Engle, Carole R.; van Senten, Jonathan; Smith, Matthew A.; Clark, Charles; Fluharty, Shannon; Schwarz, Michael H. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2021-01-14)
    In response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), Virginia Tech and the Ohio State University collected information about how aquaculture/aquaponics farms and allied businesses have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey was conducted at the conclusion of the first quarter of 2020 to capture and quantify these impacts and effects. The survey will be distributed once per quarter throughout 2020, to capture the evolving effects of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on your farm or business. This publication summarizes the first set of results for the 1st quarter of 2020.
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    Impacts of COVID-19 on U.S. mollusk businesses: Quarter 1 Results March 23, 2020 to April 10, 2020
    Engle, Carole R.; van Senten, Jonathan; Smith, Matthew A.; Clark, Charles; Fluharty, Shannon; Schwarz, Michael H. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2021-01-15)
    In response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), Virginia Tech and the Ohio State University collected information about how aquaculture/aquaponics farms and allied businesses have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey was conducted at the conclusion of the first quarter of 2020 to capture and quantify these impacts and effects. The survey will be distributed once per quarter throughout 2020, to capture the evolving effects of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on your farm or business. This publication summarizes the first set of results for the 1st quarter of 2020.