Browsing by Author "Feth, Shari"

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    Sapphire optical fiber sensors
    Feth, Shari (Virginia Tech, 1991-05-05)
    Fiber optic sensors offer many advantages over conventional sensors, including; small size, low weight, high strength and durability. Standard silica optical fibers are limited by the material properties of silica. Temperatures above 700°C and other harsh environments are incompatible with standard optical fiber sensors. Sapphire fiber sensors offer another option for fiber optic sensing. Sapphire fibers are limited by the material properties of sapphire, which include high melting point, extreme hardness and imperviousness to chemical reactions and radiation. These properties coupled with the advantages of conventional fiber optic sensing make sapphire optical fiber sensors a good candidate for sensing requirements in harsh environments. We investigate the potential for the use of sapphire fibers as sensors. Two sensors are developed based on widely different techniques. Results from preliminary tests of each are given.
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    A study of the promolecule radius of nitrides, oxides and sulfides and of the bond critical point properties of the electron density distribution in nitrides
    Feth, Shari (Virginia Tech, 1996-12-05)
    "We cannot afford the luxury any longer of ignoring the nature of the bonding in these interesting compounds .... " P.E.D. Morgan, (1974). An understanding of bonding is paramount to furthering our understanding of materials (Morgan, 1974). The properties of materials are governed by the interactions between atoms. These interactions are governed by the nature of the bonds. In this study, two methods are explored which provide insight into chemical interactions. First, promolecule radii, calculated for nitride, oxide, and sulfide coordinated polyhedra with bond lengths fixed at the sums of effective ionic and crystal radii, are analyzed. Radii calculated for transition and non-transition cations for the first four rows of the periodic table are highly correlated with crystal radii derived for oxide and sulfide crystals and with ionic radii derived for nitride crystals. Promolecule radii calculated for the coordination polyhedra match experimentally determined bonded radii to within ~0.02Å, on average. Calculated radii anions tend to match ionic radii when bonded to highly electropositive cations and atomic radii when bonded to highly electronegative cations. In the second study, molecular orbital calculations were completed on a series of small molecules containing the nitride anion. Bond type can be characterized by studying the systematics of parameters derived from the bond critical point properties of the electron density distributions. A set of criteria is established to suggest how covalent or ionic a bond is. This criteria is based on bond critical point properties such as the Laplacian of the electron density distribution evaluated at the bond critical point, the electron density distribution at the critical point, the local energy density at the critical point, the relative electronegativity of the cation, the curvatures of the electron density distribution, and the distance from the nucleus of the nitride anion to the bond critical point, (the bonded radius of the nitrogen atom). Parameters computed for promolecule data indicate that these easily obtained results offer a method of calculating bond critical properties which are close in value to the more extensive results derived from molecular orbital calculations.