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Browsing by Author "Firrman, Jenni"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    Apigenin Impacts the Growth of the Gut Microbiota and Alters the Gene Expression of Enterococcus
    Wang, Minqian; Firrman, Jenni; Zhang, Liqing; Arango-Argoty, Gustavo; Tomasula, Peggy; Liu, Lin Shu; Xiao, Weidong; Yam, Kit (MDPI, 2017-08-03)
    Apigenin is a major dietary flavonoid with many bioactivities, widely distributed in plants. Apigenin reaches the colon region intact and interacts there with the human gut microbiota, however there is little research on how apigenin affects the gut bacteria. This study investigated the effect of pure apigenin on human gut bacteria, at both the single strain and community levels. The effect of apigenin on the single gut bacteria strains Bacteroides galacturonicus, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, and Enterococcus caccae, was examined by measuring their anaerobic growth profiles. The effect of apigenin on a gut microbiota community was studied by culturing a fecal inoculum under in vitro conditions simulating the human ascending colon. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and GC-MS analysis quantified changes in the community structure. Single molecule RNA sequencing was used to reveal the response of Enterococcus caccae to apigenin. Enterococcus caccae was effectively inhibited by apigenin when cultured alone, however, the genus Enterococcus was enhanced when tested in a community setting. Single molecule RNA sequencing found that Enterococcus caccae responded to apigenin by up-regulating genes involved in DNA repair, stress response, cell wall synthesis, and protein folding. Taken together, these results demonstrate that apigenin affects both the growth and gene expression of Enterococcus caccae.
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    Triclosan has a robust, yet reversible impact on human gut microbial composition in vitro
    Mahalak, Karley K.; Firrman, Jenni; Lee, Jung-Jin; Bittinger, Kyle; Nunez, Alberto; Mattei, Lisa M.; Zhang, Huanjia; Fett, Bryton; Bobokalonov, Jamshed; Arango-Argoty, Gustavo; Zhang, Liqing; Zhang, Guodong; Liu, Lin Shu (2020-06-25)
    The recent ban of the antimicrobial compound triclosan from use in consumer soaps followed research that showcased the risk it poses to the environment and to human health. Triclosan has been found in human plasma, urine and milk, demonstrating that it is present in human tissues. Previous work has also demonstrated that consumption of triclosan disrupts the gut microbial community of mice and zebrafish. Due to the widespread use of triclosan and ubiquity in the environment, it is imperative to understand the impact this chemical has on the human body and its symbiotic resident microbes. To that end, this study is the first to explore how triclosan impacts the human gut microbial communityin vitroboth during and after treatment. Through ourin vitrosystem simulating three regions of the human gut; the ascending colon, transverse colon, and descending colon regions, we found that treatment with triclosan significantly impacted the community structure in terms of reduced population, diversity, and metabolite production, most notably in the ascending colon region. Given a 2 week recovery period, most of the population levels, community structure, and diversity levels were recovered for all colon regions. Our results demonstrate that the human gut microbial community diversity and population size is significantly impacted by triclosan at a high dosein vitro, and that the community is recoverable within this system.
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    Triclosan has a robust, yet reversible impact on human gut microbial composition in vitro
    Mahalak, Karley K.; Firrman, Jenni; Lee, Jung-Jin; Bittinger, Kyle; Nunez, Alberto; Mattei, Lisa M.; Zhang, Huanjia; Fett, Bryton; Bobokalonov, Jamshed; Arango-Argoty, Gustavo; Zhang, Liqing; Zhang, Guodong; Liu, Lin Shu (2020-06-25)
    The recent ban of the antimicrobial compound triclosan from use in consumer soaps followed research that showcased the risk it poses to the environment and to human health. Triclosan has been found in human plasma, urine and milk, demonstrating that it is present in human tissues. Previous work has also demonstrated that consumption of triclosan disrupts the gut microbial community of mice and zebrafish. Due to the widespread use of triclosan and ubiquity in the environment, it is imperative to understand the impact this chemical has on the human body and its symbiotic resident microbes. To that end, this study is the first to explore how triclosan impacts the human gut microbial communityin vitroboth during and after treatment. Through ourin vitrosystem simulating three regions of the human gut; the ascending colon, transverse colon, and descending colon regions, we found that treatment with triclosan significantly impacted the community structure in terms of reduced population, diversity, and metabolite production, most notably in the ascending colon region. Given a 2 week recovery period, most of the population levels, community structure, and diversity levels were recovered for all colon regions. Our results demonstrate that the human gut microbial community diversity and population size is significantly impacted by triclosan at a high dosein vitro, and that the community is recoverable within this system.