Browsing by Author "Fitzgerald, Joshua"
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- Evaluation of Methods for Measuring Fusarium-Damaged Kernels of WheatAckerman, Arlyn J.; Holmes, Ryan; Gaskins, Ezekiel; Jordan, Kathleen E.; Hicks, Dawn S.; Fitzgerald, Joshua; Griffey, Carl A.; Mason, Richard Esten; Harrison, Stephen A.; Murphy, Joseph Paul; Cowger, Christina; Boyles, Richard E. (MDPI, 2022-02-21)Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most economically destructive diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), causing substantial yield and quality loss worldwide. Fusarium graminearum is the predominant causal pathogen of FHB in the U.S., and produces deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin that accumulates in the grain throughout infection. FHB results in kernel damage, a visual symptom that is quantified by a human observer enumerating or estimating the percentage of Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK) in a sample of grain. To date, FDK estimation is the most efficient and accurate method of predicting DON content without measuring presence in a laboratory. For this experiment, 1266 entries collectively representing elite varieties and SunGrains advanced breeding lines encompassing four inoculated FHB nurseries were represented in the analysis. All plots were subjected to a manual FDK count, both exact and estimated, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) analysis, DON laboratory analysis, and digital imaging seed phenotyping using the Vibe QM3 instrument developed by Vibe imaging analytics. Among the FDK analytical platforms used to establish percentage FDK within grain samples, Vibe QM3 showed the strongest prediction capabilities of DON content in experimental samples, R2 = 0.63, and higher yet when deployed as FDK GEBVs, R2 = 0.76. Additionally, Vibe QM3 was shown to detect a significant SNP association at locus S3B_9439629 within major FHB resistance quantitative trait locus (QTL) Fhb1. Visual estimates of FDK showed higher prediction capabilities of DON content in grain subsamples than previously expected when deployed as genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) (R2 = 0.71), and the highest accuracy in genomic prediction, followed by Vibe QM3 digital imaging, with average Pearson’s correlations of r = 0.594 and r = 0.588 between observed and predicted values, respectively. These results demonstrate that seed phenotyping using traditional or automated platforms to determine FDK boast various throughput and efficacy that must be weighed appropriately when determining application in breeding programs to screen for and develop resistance to FHB and DON accumulation in wheat germplasms.
- Managing Fusarium Head Blight in Winter Barley With Cultivar Resistance and FungicideCowger, Christina; Arellano, Consuelo; Marshall, David; Fitzgerald, Joshua (2019-08)Although there has been research on managing Fusarium head blight (FHB) in spring barley, little has been published on cultivar resistance and optimal fungicide timing for FHB management in winter barley. A 3-year (2015 to 2017) field experiment was conducted to measure FHB resistance of winter barley varieties, gauge the potential benefit from a fungicide, and help determine the optimal timing for fungicide application. The split-plot experiment took place in a misted, inoculated nursery in Raleigh, North Carolina using main plots of four winter barley cultivars (Atlantic, Endeavor, Nomini, and Thoroughbred). Three fungicide treatments were applied to subplots: prothioconazole + tebuconazole at full spike emergence, the same fungicide 6 days later, or no fungicide. The late applications significantly reduced FHB index in each of 3 years and significantly reduced deoxynivalenol (DON) in harvested grain in 2 of the 3 years. Applications at full spike emergence also yielded significant benefit in 1 of the 3 years for each parameter. Neither disease symptoms nor DON gave reason to prefer one of the fungicide timings over the other. Across the 3 years, DON ranked the cultivars Endeavor < Nomini = Thoroughbred < Atlantic. Combining the moderate resistance of Endeavor with a fungicide application and averaging the two timings resulted in a 75% DON reduction compared with unsprayed Atlantic. Taken together, our results indicate that barley growers concerned about minimizing DON should both plant moderately resistant varieties and apply fungicide if there is scab risk. During the same period, 16 commercial winter barley cultivars were tested in from three to seven Virginia and North Carolina environments each, and the DON results were compared after standardization across environments. The winter two-row malting barley cultivars Endeavor and Calypso displayed superior and robust DON resistance across environments.
- Registration of 'SB255' winter barleyBrooks, Wynse S.; Griffey, Carl A.; Vaughn, Mark E.; Seago, John E.; Thomason, Wade E.; Fitzgerald, Joshua; Christopher, Anthony; Pitman, Robert M.; Dunaway, David W.; Light, Jon; Rucker, Elizabeth; Behl, Harry D.; Beahm, Bruce R.; Browning, Phillip; McMaster, Nicole J.; Schmale, David G. III; Hardiman, Thomas H.; Custis, J. Tommy; Gulick, Steve; Ashburn, S. Bobby; Jones, Ned, Jr.; Marshall, David; Fountain, Myron O.; Tan Tuong; Oakes, Joseph C. (2021-05)'SB255' (Reg. no. CV-373, PI 693987) is a six-rowed hulled barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar with winter growth habit. The cultivar was released by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station in May 2019. SB255 is widely adapted, high yielding, high grain volume weight, and medium tall. It has good winterhardiness and good straw strength. The spikes of SB255 are strap and slightly waxy with no overlapping lateral kernels and with long awns. Prior to being named, SB255 was tested under the experimental designation VA11B-141 (LA). It was derived from the cross Spont03-44/VA01B-44 and developed using a modified-bulk breeding method. It was evaluated from 2013 to 2019 in the Virginia Official Variety Trials at five to six locations. SB255's average grain yield (5,214 kg ha(-1)) was similar to the check cultivars 'Secretariat' and 'Thoroughbred' but significantly (P <= .05) higher than 'Atlantic', 'Price', 'Callao', 'Nomini', and 'Wysor'. Average grain volume weight of SB255 (60.8 kg hL(-1)) was similar to Secretariat and Price but exceeded (P <= 0.05) those of Thoroughbred, Atlantic, Callao, Nomini, and Wysor. Head emergence of SB255 was similar to Thoroughbred and 2-5 d later than winter feed barley cultivars Secretariat, Atlantic, Price, Callao, and Nomini. SB255 was developed primarily as a feed barley cultivar. It provides barley producers and end users in the eastern United States with a high-grain-yielding cultivar having good to moderate resistance to all diseases prevalent in the eastern United States, including Fusarium head blight (FHB), and also lower deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation in the grain.
- Registration of 'Vision 50' WheatLiu, L.; Barnett, Marla D.; Griffey, Carl A.; Malla, Subas; Brooks, Wynse S.; Seago, John E.; Fitzgerald, Joshua; Thomason, Wade E.; Rucker, E. G.; Behl, Harry D.; Pitman, Robert M.; Dunaway, David W.; Vaughn, Mark E.; Custis, J. Tommy; Seabourn, Bradford W.; Chen, R.; Fountain, Myron O.; Marshall, D.; Cowger, C.; Cambron, Sue; Jin, Y.; Beahm, Bruce R.; Browning, Phillip; Hardiman, T. H.; Lin, C. J.; Mennel, D. Ford; Mennel, Donald L. (2019-03-28)'Vision 50' (Reg. No. CV-1152, PI 679953), a hard red winter (HRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar, was derived from the cross 'Jagalene'/'Provinciale' using a modified bulk breeding method. Vision 50 was tested as VA09HRW-64 in replicated yield trials in Virginia (2011-2017) and in the USDAARS Uniform Bread Wheat Trials (2012-2017) and released by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station in 2016. Vision 50 is a widely adapted, high-yielding, awned, semidwarf (unknown Rht gene) HRW wheat having mid-to late-season spike emergence, strong straw strength, and resistance or moderate resistance to diseases prevalent in the mid-Atlantic region. In the Virginia Bread Wheat Elite Test from 2014 to 2017, Vision 50 produced a mean yield of 5067 kg ha(-1) that was similar to the highest-yielding (5757 kg ha(-1)) cultivar Shirley, a soft red winter wheat check. Vision 50 has acceptable end-use quality on the basis of comparisons with the HRW wheat check cultivar Jagger for wheat protein (11.3 vs. 12.2 g 100 g(-1)), flour yield (72.7 vs. 66.4 g 100 g(-1)), flour water absorption (59.5 vs. 62.3 g 100 g(-1)), dough mixing tolerance (2.7 vs. 3.0), pup-loaf volume (815 vs. 822 cm(3)), and crumb grain scores (4.2 vs. 3.8).