Browsing by Author "Garness, Sheila A."

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    Development of Human Factors Guidelines for Advanced Traveler Information Systems and Commercial Vehicle Operations: Display Channels
    Kantowitz, Barry H.; Hanowski, Richard J.; Garness, Sheila A. (United States. Federal Highway Administration, 1999-12)
    Three experiments were conducted in a driving simulator to evaluate effects of in-vehicle message modality and message format on comprehension and memory for younger and older drivers. Visual icons and text messages were effective in terms of high comprehension and high memory retention over a 50-sec delay period for both older and younger drivers. Auditory icons (earcons) were unsuitable for older drivers, although younger drivers performed well using symbolic and speech in-vehicle messages. For visual only, auditory only, and auditory plus visual messages both textual and symbolic message formats were equally effective. No adverse effects of in-vehicle message presentation were found for lateral and longitudinal vehicle control. Implications of these findings for development of ATIS guidelines were discussed.
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    Impact of Sleeper Berth Usage on Driver Fatigue, Final Project Report
    Dingus, Thomas A.; Neale, Vicki L.; Garness, Sheila A.; Hanowski, Richard J.; Keisler, Aysha S.; Lee, Suzanne E.; Perez, Miguel A.; Robinson, Gary S.; Belz, Steven M.; Casali, John G.; Pace-Schott, E. F.; Stickgold, Robert A.; Hobson, J. A. (United States. Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, 2002)
    The goal of this project was to assess the impact that sleeper berth usage has on operator alertness. Forty-seven males and nine females participated in this study, constituting 13 teams and 30 single drivers. All drivers who participated in this study were recruited from one of four for-hire commercial trucking companies. Two tractors, a 1997 Volvo L4 VN-series tractor and a 1995 Peterbilt 379, with functionally identical instrumentation packages and data collection systems, were used for the study. The data acquisition system functioned to record four camera views, including the drivers face; driving performance information, including steering, lane departure, and braking; sleeper berth environmental data, including noise, vibration, and temperature; subjective alertness ratings; and data from the Nightcap sleep-monitoring system. The following results were obtained: (1) Sleeping in either a stationary or moving sleeper berth was shown to adversely affect sleep quality and quantity when compared to the home sleep data. This was particularly true for team drivers in moving trucks. (2) Team drivers generally acquired more sleep (greater than one hour per day on average) than did single drivers, with single drivers reporting six hours of sleep per 24-hour period and team drivers reporting just over seven hours per 24-hour period. (3) Team drivers had significantly more sleep disturbances than did single drivers. A primary cause of these disturbances appeared to be noise and vibration present in the sleeper berth of a moving truck. (4) In general, single drivers were rated as not drowsy more often and team drivers, who were rated as somewhat drowsy or moderately drowsy more often. However, of the 20 very/extremely drowsy episodes captured by Observer Ratings of Drowsiness, 16 were from single drivers. (5) Single drivers had many more critical incidents at all levels of severity relative to team drivers. (6) The frequency of critical incidents and driver errors varied significantly by the Hour of Day. However, many more incidents occurred during the afternoon and early evening as opposed to late at night. (7) Single drivers were more alert in the morning and gradually become fatigued during the day, whereas team drivers maintained a relatively constant level of alertness throughout the 24-hour clock.