Browsing by Author "Greenwood, Edward James"

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    A study of the synthesis and reactions of new polynuclear aromatic acids and related compounds
    Greenwood, Edward James (Virginia Polytechnic Institute, 1966)
    The preparation of 2-(3-chloro-l-naphthylmethyl)bromobenzene was achieved by the cross-condensation reaction of 3-chloro-l-naphthylmagnesium bromide and 2-bromobenzyl bromide, as well as by the reaction of this Grignard reagent with 2-bromobenzaldehyde, followed by reduction of the resulting carbinol with lithium aluminum hydride and aluminum chloride. It was found that 2-bromophenyl-1-(3-chloronaphthyl)carbinol thermally decomposed into the corresponding methylene compound and ketone. A study of the thermally induced reaction of the carbinol was made, and the products were quantitatively analyzed by means of gas chromatography. It was concluded that the anomalous products of the reaction of an aryl Grignard reagent with a benzaldehyde were actually p~duced by the thennal disproportionation of the resulting carbinols during the distillation step. The keto-acid, 2-(3-chloro-l-naphthylmethyl)- 2’-carboxybenzophenone was prepared by the inverseaddition of the Grignard reagent of 2-(3-chloro-l-naphthylmethyl)bromobenzene to phthalic anhydride. Cyclization of this keto-acid with an acetic and hydrobromic acid mixture gave 6-chloro-7-(2-carboxyphenyl)benz[a]anthracene. Methyl ester derivatives were prepared from both this acid and the precursor keto-acid. The cyclodehydration of either 2-(3-chloro-l-naphthylmethyl)-2'-carboxybenzophenone or 6-chloro-7-(2-carboxyphenyl)benz[a]anthracene with polyphosphoric acid gave 14-chlorodibenzo[hi,l]chrysen-9-one.· Treatment of this ketone with lithium aluminum hydride and aluminum chloride gave the reduction derivative, 14-chloro-9H-dibenzo[hi,l]chrysene. The unequivocal synthesis of dibenzo[hi,l]- chrysen-9-one was achieved by the dehalogenation of 14-chlorodibenzo[hi,l]chrysen-9-one with 10% palladiumcharcoal catalyst and hydrazine. The dehalogenated product was shown to be identical to the compound produced from the cyclodehydration of 7-(2-carboxyphenyl)benz[a]anthracene. The ketone, 2-(3-chloro-l-naphthylmethyl)benzophenone was prepared by the inverse-addition of the Grignard reagent of 2-(3-chloro-l-naphthylmethyl)- bromobenzene to benzoyl chloride. It was found that a small amount (16%) of 6-chloro-7-phenylbenz[a]-anthracene was formed during the distillation of the precursor ketone. The cyclodehydration of this ketone failed when various standard cyclizing media were employed, and the reason for this is discussed. Cyclization attempts with polyphosphoric acid or alumina gave dibenzo[a,l]pyrene as the only identifiable product. This unusual reaction obviously involves a rearrangement. A study was made and a mechanism for this reaction was postulated which is consistent with the experimental observations. The ketone, 2-(3-cyano-l-naphthylmethyl)benzophenone was prepared by the reaction of the corresponding chloro ketone with cuprous cyanide in N-methylpyrrolidone. 6-Cyano-7-phenylbenz[a]- anthracene was also produced in small quantity in this reaction as a consequence of the presence of the corresponding chloro compound in the ketone prior to reaction. Naphtho[3, 2, l-fg]naphthacen-9-one was prepared by the treatment of 6-cyano-7-phenylbenz[a]anthracene with a hydrobromic and acetic acid mixture at 180°, and also by the treatment of the precursor cyano ketone with polyphosphoric acid. The novel use of polyphosphoric acid in cyano group hydrolysis is discussed. Phenalo[2, 3, 4, 5-defg]naphthacene-4, 8-quinone was prepared by the treatment of 6-cyano-7-(2-carboxyphenyl)benz[a]anthracene with a hydrobromic and acetic acid mixture at 180°. An attempted procedure for the. preparation of this quinone involved the oxidation of 7-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)benz[a]anthracene to the corresponding diacid with aqueous sodium dichromate. Unfortunately this new method of oxidation failed in this case. The partial resolution of 7-(2-carboxyphenyl)-benz[a]anthracene was achieved with the use of brucine. Only one optically active isomer was obtained, and this was racemized by treatment with boiling ethanol. An empirical rule used to quantitatively determine the resistance of optically active biphenyls to racemization was applied to this acid, and the experimental observations were supported. During the course of this investigation, sixteen new compounds were prepared and were all properly characterized, except 6-cyano-7-(2-carboxyphenyl)- benz[a]anthracene, which did not give acceptable analytical data. The reason for this is discussed. Infrared and ultraviolet spectra of all new compounds were recorded. Infrared spectral observations were made which gave further support to the assigned structures of the isomeric compounds naphtho[3,2,l-fg]- naphthacen-9-one and dibenzo[hi,l]chrysen-9-one.
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    The synthesis and reactions of 2-(1-Naphthylmethyl)-2'- Carboxybenzophenone
    Greenwood, Edward James (Virginia Tech, 1961-11-05)
    The structures of the six new compounds and the TNF molecular complex were substantiated by satisfactory elemental analyser. The infrared and ultraviolet absorption spectra of the six new compounds were recorded.