Browsing by Author "Jagger, Pamela"

Now showing 1 - 13 of 13
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    Can forest sector devolution improve rural livelihoods? An analysis of forest income and institutions in western Uganda
    Jagger, Pamela (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University, 2009)
    Forest sector devolution is widely promoted throughout the low income tropics as a
  • The contribution of institutional theories to explaining decentralization of natural resource governance
    Bartley, T.; Krister, A.; Jagger, Pamela; Van Laerhoven, F. (Routledge: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, 2008)
    Natural resource management is increasingly decentralized. Policy approaches to natural resource management often do not take into account the complexity that exists in this decentralization process. The article presents an how decentralization reforms can be instituted through an “institutional meditation” framework which emphasizes how rules, incentives and contradictions/complements are present within and throughout many institutional levels. Case studies in Uganda and Bolivia are presented in the article as the authors discuss how accountability can be encouraged in decentralized systems. The article urges that future policy changes evolve to consider the complexities within the decentralized approach to natural resource management.
  • Forest Incomes After Uganda's Forest Sector Reform: Are the rural poor gaining?
    Jagger, Pamela (Washington, D.C.: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2008)
    Forest sector governance reform is frequently promoted as a policy tool for achieving favorable livelihood outcomes in the low income tropics. However, there is a dearth of empirical evidence to support this claim, particularly at the household level. Drawing on the case of a major forest sector governance reform implemented in Uganda in 2003, this study seeks to fill that gap. The research employs a quasiexperimental research design utilizing pre and post reform income portfolio data for a large sample of households surrounding three major forests in western Uganda; a control group is included in the design. On private forest land overseen by the decentralized District Forestry Service there has been no significant change in average annual household income from forests, and the share of total income from forests has only slightly increased. For households living adjacent to Budongo Central Forest Reserve, overseen by the parastatal National Forestry Authority, there have been significant gains in average annual household income from forests, as well as the share of total income from forests. However, increases are limited to households in the highest income quartile and are primarily attributed to the sale of illegally harvested timber. The findings from this study challenge the view that governance reforms result in favorable livelihood outcomes for the poorest. Policy makers should carefully consider the incentives facing both forestry officials and local resource users with particular attention to increasing awareness of the value of trees and forests, and facilitating legal opportunities for rural smallholders across all income categories to sustainably engage in forest product harvesting and value addition.
  • Forest incomes and sustainability after Uganda's forest sector governance reform
    Jagger, Pamela; Arinaitwe, A. (2008)
    This presentation discusses a study of the impacts of Uganda's forest sector governance reforms on rural livelihoods and sustainability. "Improved rural livelihoods and sustainability are among the expected outcomes of forest sector governance reforms. There is limited empirical evidence of the impact of reforms, particularly at the household level. There are often trade-offs between achieving favorable livelihood outcomes and sustainable forest management; are there conditions that favor both?"
  • Forest sector reforms, livelihoods and sustainability in Western Uganda
    Jagger, Pamela (London, UK: Earthscan, 2010)
    The chapter discusses whether Uganda’s 2003 forest-sector reform improved livelihood and forest management. The reform policy changed the management and ownership of 85% of Uganda’s forested land. The research conducted to determine the impact of the reform involved an experimental research design that compares pre- and post-reform data for a sample of households located next to three large forests in Uganda. The impacts of the reform are evaluated through examination of two of these sample groups whose adjacent forest was affected by the policy change. The author examines household income portfolio data and changes in forest sustainability are evaluated using household perception of forest quality and cover since the policy was implemented. The article presents the finding that no evidence was found to indicate that the reform had favorable impact upon livelihood and sustainability outcomes. In the Gugoma forest site, the reform did not significantly change the contribution of forest products to household incomes, and forest quality and cover greatly declined. Large gains in the contribution of forest products to the income of wealthy families were observed in Budongo forest site. Institutional failures (i.e. a lack of community involvement in forest management and policies that favor the wealthy) were seen as the cause of livelihood improvements. No change or a slight decline in forest cover and quality accompany income gains for wealthy families. A case study that examined the relationship of roles and incentives necessary to realize beneficial policy outcomes indicates that success of any forest governance reform relies upon the institution-building capacity of communities and government agencies. The article underlines the importance of integrating forest and agricultural policy in Uganda - if agricultural needs are not addressed and managed, Uganda will continue to lose forests to land-use conversion.
  • Influences of Programs and Organizations on the Adoption of Sustainable Land Management Technologies in Uganda
    Jagger, Pamela; Pender, J. (International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), 2006)
    Land management policy in Uganda is formed through the work of various organizations and programs. However, community-based organizations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are being called upon to be the primary providers of these services in the medium term, given the significant delay in effective private sector intervention. The chapter seeks to understand organizations and programs in Uganda and to study whether household-level adoption of land management technologies is influenced by household and/or community involvement in organizations and programs. If involvement in such programs/organizations does prove to have an influence on technology adoption, then there will be a case for the provision of incentives to ensure the sustainability and development of such programs, especially in areas less serviced by such initiatives. The article contains a short history of what roles organizations and programs have played in Uganda since the 1950s. The article conveys an econometric analysis and conceptual framework of qualities of organizations/programs and their impacts on the integration of land management technologies. The study found that increased female participation in organizations may boost household adoption of land management techniques, families with weak social capital may be excluded from such organizations, and lower-income families may be more inclined to be involved in such programs to learn about further farm/non-farm opportunities. The article discusses several policy implications from the study and calls upon pertinent actors to consider the mentioned factors/influences in the adoption of policy and the provision of services.
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    Land Use Change, Fuel Use and Respiratory Health in Uganda
    Jagger, Pamela; Shively, Gerald E. (2014-04-01)
    This paper examines how biomass supply and consumption are affected by land use change in Uganda. We find that between 2007 and 2012 there was a 22% reduction in fuelwood sourced from proximate forests, and an 18% increase in fuelwood sourced from fallows and other areas with lower biomass availability and quality. We estimate a series of panel regression models and find that deforestation has a negative effect on total fuel consumed. We also find that access to forests, whether through ownership or proximity, plays a large role in determining fuel use. We then explore whether patterns of biomass fuel consumption are related to the incidence of acute respiratory infection using a cross-sectional data set of 1209 women and 598 children. We find a positive and significant relationship between ARI and the quantity of fuelwood from non-forest areas; a 100 kg increase in fuelwood sourced from a non-forest area results in a 2.4% increase in the incidence of ARI for children. We find the inverse effect of increased reliance on crop residues. As deforestation reduces the availability of high quality fuelwood, rural households may experience higher incidence of health problems associated with exposure to biomass burning.
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    Livelihoods and sustainability after Uganda's forest sector governance reform
    Jagger, Pamela (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University and Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR, 2008)
    Presentation on the effects of forest decentralization reforms in Uganda on both forest sustainability and livelihoods. Presents findings of data gathered using the Poverty and Environment Network method.
  • Negotiating livelihoods and sustainability after Uganda's forest sector governance reform
    Jagger, Pamela (Indonesia: CIFOR, 2007)
    Update on Uganda field work for the Poverty Environment Network.
  • Strategies for sustainable land management and poverty reduction in Uganda
    Nkonya, E.; Pender, J.; Jagger, Pamela; Sserunkuuma, D.; Kaizzi, C.; Ssali, H. (Washington D.C.: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2004)
    The government of Uganda, with help from its development partners, is designing and implementing policies and strategies to address poverty, land degradation, and declining agricultural productivity. Land degradation, especially soil erosion and depletion of soil nutrients, is widespread in Uganda and contributes to declining productivity, which, in turn, increases poverty.
  • Unpacking decentralization
    Andersson, Krister P.; Bauer, Jacqui; Jagger, Pamela; Luckert, Marty; Meinzen-Dick, Ruth S.; Mwangi, Esther; Ostrom, Elinor (2008)
    This presentation provides an analytical breakdown of the implications of government decentralization policies in the management of forest resources. Though first presenting the negative aspects of centralization policies, the presentation shows how decentralization has widely evolved as better equipped to prevent a tragedy of the commons in forest resource depletion. Nevertheless, results of decentralization in forest management varied widely in application across the various sites.
  • Unpacking decentralization
    Andersson, Krister P.; Bauer, Jacqui; Jagger, Pamela; Luckert, Marty; Meinzen-Dick, Ruth S.; Mwangi, Esther; Ostrom, Elinor (SANREM CRSP, 2008)
    The term "decentralization" is applied to a wide diversity of governance arrangements around the world and has achieved positive, negative, and no results in its application to natural resource management. Part of the reason that the results have been so mixed is that the term decentralization is used as the name of widely diverse policies including: (1) deconcentration of national administrative authority to regional or local offices, (2) shifting authority from national agencies to local agencies with varying degrees of autonomy, and (3) privatization of the ownership and/or management of natural resource system. Thus, the resulting formal governance arrangements may vary substantially from one decentralization effort to another dependant both on the policies that are adopted and on many other factors including the broader economy of a country and the region where decentralization is occurring, the set of legal rights that had been in existence prior to the new policy, and multiple economic processes. Consequently, the behavior or resource users, private firms, government officials at multiple levels will differ substantially. Thus, livelihood and sustainability outcomes will tend to differ substantially from one location to another.
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    What should we really be asking? Aggregated vs. disaggregated responses to household livelihood questionnaires
    Jagger, Pamela; Luckert, Marty; Banana, Abwoli Y.; Bahati, Joseph (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University and Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR, 2008)
    Presentation comparing the Poverty & Environment method of collecting household-level data with the International Forest Resources & Institutions method, which was developed for the purposes of this project and which involves a one-time visit to a household. Focuses on surveys completed in Uganda.