Browsing by Author "Liu, S."

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Thumbnail Image
    Inland Water Greenhouse Gas Budgets for RECCAP2: 2. Regionalization and Homogenization of Estimates
    Lauerwald, R.; Allen, George H.; Deemer, B. R.; Liu, S.; Maavara, T.; Raymond, P.; Alcott, L.; Bastviken, D.; Hastie, A.; Holgerson, M. A.; Johnson, M. S.; Lehner, B.; Lin, P.; Marzadri, A.; Ran, L.; Tian, H.; Yang, X.; Yao, Y.; Regnier, P. (American Geophysical Union, 2023-05-10)
    Inland waters are important sources of the greenhouse gasses (GHGs) carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) to the atmosphere. In the framework of the second phase of the REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes (RECCAP-2) initiative, we synthesize existing estimates of GHG emissions from streams, rivers, lakes and reservoirs, and homogenize them with regard to underlying global maps of water surface area distribution and the effects of seasonal ice cover. We then produce regionalized estimates of GHG emissions over 10 extensive land regions. According to our synthesis, inland water GHG emissions have a global warming potential of an equivalent emission of 13.5 (9.9–20.1) and 8.3 (5.7–12.7) Pg CO2-eq. yr−1 at a 20 and 100 years horizon (GWP20 and GWP100), respectively. Contributions of CO2 dominate GWP100, with rivers being the largest emitter. For GWP20, lakes and rivers are equally important emitters, and the warming potential of CH4 is more important than that of CO2. Contributions from N2O are about two orders of magnitude lower. Normalized to the area of RECCAP-2 regions, S-America and SE-Asia show the highest emission rates, dominated by riverine CO2 emissions.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Layer-by-layer self-assembled conductor network composites in ionic polymer metal composite actuators with high strain response
    Liu, S.; Montazami, Reza; Liu, Y.; Jain, V.; Lin, M. R.; Heflin, James R.; Zhang, Q. M. (AIP Publishing, 2009-07-01)
    We investigate the electromechanical response of conductor network composite (CNC) fabricated by the layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly method. The process makes it possible for CNCs to be fabricated at submicron thickness with high precision and quality. This CNCs exhibits high strain similar to 6.8% under 4 V, whereas the RuO(2)/Nafion CNCs exhibit strain similar to 3.3%. The high strain and submicron thickness of the LbL layers in an ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) yield large and fast actuation. The response time of a 26 mu m thick IPMC with 0.4 mu m thick LbL CNCs to step voltage of 4 V is 0.18 s.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Observation of Electron-Antineutrino Disappearance at Daya Bay
    An, F. P.; Bai, J. Z.; Balantekin, A. B.; Band, H. R.; Beavis, D.; Beriguete, W.; Bishai, M.; Blyth, S.; Boddy, K.; Brown, R. L.; Cai, B.; Cao, G. F.; Cao, J.; Carr, Rachel E.; Chan, W. T.; Chang, J. F.; Chang, Y.; Chasman, C.; Chen, H. S.; Chen, H. Y.; Chen, S. J.; Chen, S. M.; Chen, X. C.; Chen, X. H.; Chen, X. S.; Chen, Y.; Chen, Y. X.; Cherwinka, J. J.; Chu, M. C.; Cummings, J. P.; Deng, Z. Y.; Ding, Y. Y.; Diwan, M. V.; Dong, L.; Draeger, E.; Du, X. F.; Dwyer, D. A.; Edwards, W. R.; Ely, S. R.; Fang, S. D.; Fu, J. Y.; Fu, Z. W.; Ge, L. Q.; Ghazikhanian, V.; Gill, R. L.; Goett, J.; Gonchar, M.; Gong, G. H.; Gong, H.; Gornushkin, Y. A.; Greenler, L. S.; Gu, W. Q.; Guan, M. Y.; Guo, X. H.; Hackenburg, R. W.; Hahn, R. L.; Hans, S.; He, M.; He, Q.; He, W. S.; Heeger, K. M.; Heng, Y. K.; Hinrichs, P.; Ho, T. H.; Hor, Y. K.; Hsiung, Y. B.; Hu, B. Z.; Hu, T.; Huang, H. X.; Huang, H. Z.; Huang, P. W.; Huang, X.; Huang, X. T.; Huber, Patrick; Isvan, Z.; Jaffe, D. E.; Jetter, S.; Ji, X. L.; Ji, X. P.; Jiang, H. J.; Jiang, W. Q.; Jiao, J. B.; Johnson, R. A.; Kang, L.; Kettell, S. H.; Kramer, M.; Kwan, K. K.; Kwok, M. W.; Kwok, T.; Lai, C. Y.; Lai, W. C.; Lai, W. H.; Lau, K.; Lebanowski, L.; Lee, J.; Lee, M. K. P.; Leitner, R.; Leung, J. K. C.; Leung, K. Y.; Lewis, C. A.; Li, B.; Li, F.; Li, G. S.; Li, J.; Li, Q. J.; Li, S. F.; Li, W. D.; Li, X. B.; Li, X. N.; Li, X. Q.; Li, Y.; Li, Z. B.; Liang, H.; Liang, J.; Lin, C. J.; Lin, G. L.; Lin, S. K.; Lin, S. X.; Lin, Y. C.; Ling, J. J.; Link, Jonathan M.; Littenberg, L.; Littlejohn, B. R.; Liu, B. J.; Liu, C.; Liu, D. W.; Liu, H.; Liu, J. C.; Liu, J. L.; Liu, S.; Liu, X.; Liu, Y. B.; Lu, C.; Lu, H. Q.; Luk, A.; Luk, K. B.; Luo, T.; Luo, X. L.; Ma, L. H.; Ma, Q. M.; Ma, X. B.; Ma, X. Y.; Ma, Y. Q.; Mayes, B.; McDonald, K. T.; McFarlane, M. C.; McKeown, R. D.; Meng, Y.; Mohapatra, D.; Morgan, J. E.; Nakajima, Y.; Napolitano, J.; Naumov, D.; Nemchenok, I.; Newsom, C.; Ngai, H. Y.; Ngai, W. K.; Nie, Y. B.; Ning, Z.; Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P.; Oh, D.; Olshevski, A.; Pagac, A.; Patton, S.; Pearson, C.; Pec, V.; Peng, J. C.; Piilonen, Leo E.; Pinsky, L.; Pun, C. S. J.; Qi, F. Z.; Qi, M.; Qian, X.; Raper, N.; Rosero, R.; Roskovec, B.; Ruan, X. C.; Seilhan, B.; Shao, B. B.; Shih, K.; Steiner, H.; Stoler, P.; Sun, G. X.; Sun, J. L.; Tam, Y. H.; Tanaka, H. K.; Tang, X.; Themann, H.; Torun, Y.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O.; Tsang, K. V.; Tsang, R. H. M.; Tull, C.; Viren, B.; Virostek, S.; Vorobel, V.; Wang, C. H.; Wang, L. S.; Wang, L. Y.; Wang, L. Z.; Wang, M.; Wang, N. Y.; Wang, R. G.; Wang, T.; Wang, W.; Wang, X.; Wang, Y. F.; Wang, Z.; Wang, Z. M.; Webber, D. M.; Wei, Y. D.; Wen, L. J.; Wenman, D. L.; Whisnant, K.; White, C. G.; Whitehead, L.; Whitten, C. A.; Wilhelmi, J.; Wise, T.; Wong, H. C.; Wong, H. L. H.; Wong, J.; Worcester, E.; Wu, F. F.; Wu, Q.; Xia, D. M.; Xiang, S. T.; Xiao, Q.; Xing, Z. Z.; Xu, G.; Xu, J.; Xu, J. L.; Xu, W.; Xu, Y.; Xue, T.; Yang, C. G.; Yang, L.; Ye, M.; Yeh, M.; Yeh, Y. S.; Yip, K.; Young, B. L.; Yu, Z. Y.; Zhan, L.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, F. H.; Zhang, J. W.; Zhang, Q. M.; Zhang, K.; Zhang, Q. X.; Zhang, S. H.; Zhang, Y. C.; Zhang, Y. H. Percival; Zhang, Y. X.; Zhang, Z. J.; Zhang, Z. P.; Zhang, Z. Y.; Zhao, J.; Zhao, Q. W.; Zhao, Y. B.; Zheng, L.; Zhong, W. L.; Zhou, L.; Zhou, Z. Y.; Zhuang, H. L.; Zou, J. H. (American Physical Society, 2012-04-23)
    The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment has measured a nonzero value for the neutrino mixing angle 0(13) with a significance of 5.2 standard deviations. Antineutrinos from six 2.9 GW(th) reactors were detected in six antineutrino detectors deployed in two near (flux-weighted baseline 470 m and 576 m) and one far (1648 m) underground experimental halls. With a 43 000 ton-GW(th)-day live-time exposure in 55 days, 10 416 (80 376) electron-antineutrino candidates were detected at the far hall (near halls). The ratio of the observed to expected number of antineutrinos at the far hall is R = 0.940 +/- 0.011(stat.) +/- 0.004(syst.). A rate-only analysis finds sin(2)2 theta(13) = 0.092 +/- 0.016(stat.) +/- 0.005(syst.) in a three-neutrino framework.