VTechWorks Repository :: Browsing by Author "Marchant, Mary A."

Browsing by Author "Marchant, Mary A."

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Agricultural Trade Performance and Potential: A Retrospective Panel Data Analysis of US Exports of Corn and Soybeans
Grossen, Grace Elizabeth (Virginia Tech, 2019-08-22)
There are a variety of international issues that disrupt the global trade market, an important one being national policies on the regulation of genetically modified organisms, or GMOs. Many crops have been genetically modified for reasons from herbicide resistance to correcting dietary shortfalls. This study evaluates the United States' exports of corn and soybeans from 1998 to 2016 to identify unusual shocks in trade values. In particular, this study quantifies how the importers' policy stance on the GMO issue impacts bilateral trade values. I estimate a gravity model with both ordinary least squares (OLS) and Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood (PPML) estimations. Residual analysis is used to assess the difference between actual trade and the trade levels predicted by the models. The results suggest that anti-GMO policies reduce trade values by an average of 11%. The largest difference between predictions and actual trade values is seen in corn exports to the European Union. Between 1998 and 2016, this forgone trade in corn was valued at $52.7 billion, which is $2.77 billion per year on average. This value is similar to the annual average value of U.S. exports of corn to Japan in the same period, $2.46 billion. The results have important implications for the agricultural industry. For developing nations, adoption of GMO crops could increase productivity and help alleviate poverty. Ultimately, the decision to adopt is up to the consumer, so the factors of consumer knowledge and opinions of GMOs are not to be ignored.
Assessing the Impacts of a Special Safeguard Mechanism for Agriculture in the Doha Development Agenda
Weeks, Heather Ashley (Virginia Tech, 2011-01-28)
The agricultural negotiations in the World Trade Organization's (WTO) Doha Development Agenda (DDA) are calling for a specific Special Safeguard Mechanism (SSM) for developing countries that will protect agricultural producers from import surges or price declines, and could potentially add stability to domestic markets. While most of the parameters of this SSM have been decided upon, the DDA negotiations faltered on the issue of whether or not developing nations should be allowed to exceed their pre-Doha bound tariff rates when invoking the SSM. For developing countries, tariffs on agricultural products are an important policy tool to support domestic prices and protect their smallholder producers from global market shifts. Tariffs, however, distort world prices and create global welfare losses. The purpose of this thesis is to assess the impacts of the SSM on global prices and welfare using a non-spatial, synthetic, stochastic, global, partial equilibrium model of the world soybean market. The SSM is assessed in concert with the currently proposed DDA tariff cutting formulas since the additional duties allowed under the SSM are proportional to prevailing bound tariff levels. This study asserts that the SSM actually decreases global price and welfare stability, decreasing world prices of the commodities on which an SSM is placed, though positively affects tariff revenues for those particular commodities. While the SSM may offer a short-term solution for developing countries, its long-term outlook as a price stabilization tool is a not credible argument.
Beyond the Glass: Examining Wine Tasting Room Profitability Using the 4Ps of the Marketing Mix
Adams, Meredith Elaine (Virginia Tech, 2016-06-14)
Recent exponential increases in attendance at wine tasting rooms resulted in growing research in this subject area as producers seek to learn more about wine tasting room customers and identify ways to capitalize on additional revenue-generating opportunities. Direct wine sales are big business with $3.4 billion in sales in the United States in 2010. Research has shown that small and medium-sized wineries have become financially dependent on direct sales linked to wine tasting rooms with an average of 70 percent of winery sales coming from the tasting room. With limited sources outlining best practices within wine marketing, there is a clear need to identify and classify the literature on this topic. This research applies a marketing theoretical approach using the 4Ps (product, place, price, and promotion) of the marketing mix in conjunction with a comprehensive citation-based global literature review, with the goal of assessing those factors, if any, which may impact wine tasting room profitability. Our findings highlight key differences in individual wine tasting room marketing mix strategies which emphasize the need to understand consumer tastes and preferences for the wine tasting experience. Research shows that investing in the product and promotion of the wine tasting room has a positive impact on profitability. Key profit drivers include investing in branding, tasting room staff, and aggressively pursuing word-of-mouth recommendations to enhance wine tasting room profitability.
COVID-19 & Agricultural Exports under the U.S.-China Trade Deal
Grant, Jason H.; Orden, David R.; Marchant, Mary A. (Virginia Tech. Center for Agricultural Trade, 2020-05)
This report from the Center for Agricultural Trade provides an update on COVID-19 and related impacts on US-China trade.
An Empirical Assessment of the Effects of SPS Regulations on U.S. Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Exports
Ramniceanu, Radu (Virginia Tech, 2011-12-06)
A fundamental requirement in agricultural trade is that imported products are safe, and do not pose a risk to human, animal and plant health. To address this issue, all countries maintain measures to ensure that imported food is safe for consumers, and to prevent the spread of disease among animals and plants. These measures, by their nature, can affect competitiveness by increasing the costs of imports or prohibiting them altogether. To ensure that these measures are used for their intended purpose and not as protectionist measures, WTO member countries signed the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures. A growing number of studies attempt to quantify the effects of SPS regulations on international trade flows. However, precious little research is dedicated to determining the effects of specific phytosanitary regulations on trade flows and, more importantly, questions regarding SPS regulations and their impact as "trade barriers" or "trade catalysts" remain to be settled. This thesis contributes to existing literature in two ways. First, a comprehensive and user friendly database on specific phytosanitary regulations faced by U.S. exports of onions, peas, walnuts, apples, cherries, grapes, peaches/nectarines, oranges and strawberries to 176 countries is developed for the period 1999-2009. Second, this database is used for an empirical investigation to determine how existing SPS regulations affect U.S. fruit and vegetable exports. The results indicate that initially, phytosanitary treatments act as "barriers" to trade. However, as exporters' experience grows, the negative impact of treatments is reduced and eventually eliminated.
FAEIS News, 2010
(Virginia Tech. Food and Agricultural Education Information System, 2010-10)
A monthly insight into the USDA’s Food and Agricultural Education Information System. In this issue: Call for Nominations.
FAEIS NEWS, April 2012
(Virginia Tech. Food and Agricultural Education Information System, 2012-04)
This monthly newsletter from FAEIS provides announcements, reminders, and a brief overview of higher education data in the food and agricultural sciences. In this edition: gender trends in animal science fields.
FAEIS News, April 2013
(Virginia Tech, 2013-04)
This monthly newsletter from FAEIS contains announcements, reminders, and a brief overview of higher education data in the food and agricultural sciences. In this edition: Forecasting the supply of graduates in the educational pipeline.
FAEIS News, August 2012
(Virginia Tech, 2012-08)
This monthly newsletter from FAEIS contains announcements, reminders, and a brief overview of higher education data in the food and agricultural sciences. In this edition: Gender breakdown for undergraduates in colleges and departments affiliated with NAUFRP.
FAEIS News, December 2011
(Virginia Tech. Food and Agricultural Education Information System, 2011-12)
This monthly newsletter from FAEIS provides announcements, reminders, and a brief overview of higher education data in the food and agricultural sciences. In this edition: childhood obesity prevention.
FAEIS News, December 2012
(Virginia Tech, 2012-12)
This monthly newsletter from FAEIS contains announcements, reminders, and a brief overview of higher education data in the food and agricultural sciences. In this edition: Exploring baccalaureate degrees awarded at Land-grant institutions by program area and U.S. region.
FAEIS News, February 2013
(Virginia Tech, 2013-02)
This monthly newsletter from FAEIS contains announcements, reminders, and a brief overview of higher education data in the food and agricultural sciences. In this edition: Trends in graduate enrollment.
FAEIS News, June 2013
(Virginia Tech, 2013-06)
This monthly newsletter from FAEIS contains announcements, reminders, and a brief overview of higher education data in the food and agricultural sciences. In this edition: Baccalaureate enrollment for minorities in Natural Resources and Conservation disciplines.
FAEIS News, May 2014
(Virginia Tech, 2014-05)
This monthly newsletter from FAEIS contains announcements, reminders, and a brief overview of higher education data in the food and agricultural sciences. In this edition: Minority undergraduate enrollment is growing within Agriculture.
FAEIS News, November 2013
(Virginia Tech, 2013-11)
This monthly newsletter from FAEIS contains announcements, reminders, and a brief overview of higher education data in the food and agricultural sciences. In this edition: FAEIS Enrollment Update 2005-2012.
FAEIS News, November/December 2010
(Virginia Tech. Food and Agricultural Education Information System, 2010)
This monthly newsletter from FAEIS provides announcements, reminders, and a brief overview of higher education data in the food and agricultural sciences. In this edition: Update from FAEIS Peer Panel Meeting at APLU Conference.
FAEIS News, October 2011
(Virginia Tech. Food and Agricultural Education Information System, 2011-10)
This monthly newsletter from FAEIS provides announcements, reminders, and a brief overview of higher education data in the food and agricultural sciences. In this edition: climate change.
FAEIS News, October 2012
(Virginia Tech, 2012-10)
This monthly newsletter from FAEIS contains announcements, reminders, and a brief overview of higher education data in the food and agricultural sciences. In this edition: Minority undergraduates in colleges and departments of human sciences & family and consumer sciences.
FAEIS News, October 2013
(Virginia Tech, 2013-10)
This monthly newsletter from FAEIS contains announcements, reminders, and a brief overview of higher education data in the food and agricultural sciences. In this edition: Associate Degrees in Agriculture.
FAEIS News, September 2012
(Virginia Tech, 2012-09)
This monthly newsletter from FAEIS contains announcements, reminders, and a brief overview of higher education data in the food and agricultural sciences. In this edition: Minority trends for undergraduates in colleges and departments of agriculture and natural resources.