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Browsing by Author "Miranda, M."

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    El impacto social del esquema de pago de servicios ambientales en Costa Rica: Estudio de campo cuantitativo y análisis de la Cuenca Del Río Virilla
    Miranda, M.; Porras, I. T.; Moreno, M. L. (London: International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), 2003)
    Cuando Costa Rica inicio su programa de Pago de Servicios Ambientales en 1996, fue ampliamente reconocido por liderar los esfuerzos globales para introducir sistemas de compensación por servicios ambientales. El programa busca promover la protección del bosque y su manejo por medio del pago a sus propietarios por los cuatro servicios ambientales que proveen sus bosques: mitigación de gases de efecto invernadero, protección de la biodiversidad, protección de cuencas hidrográficas, y la protección de la belleza escénica. Este programa es el resultado de un proceso de creación de capacidades institucionales, iniciado décadas previas, en el que se estableció un marco institucional, con una base sólida base legal, social y organizacional.
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    Landscapes, memories and water: Narratives, perceptions and policy-making on land and water in Monteverde, Costa Rica
    Porras, I. T.; Miranda, M. (Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: The Centre for Land Use and Water Resource Research (CLUWRR), 2005)
    This report focuses on situations displayed in (3) and (4), where policy-makers and science fail to take into account people's sets of perceptions and the particular history of a region. The report draws on evidence from the Monteverde area in Costa Rica, where a large study is currently being conducted to determine the links between cloud forest and water flows, as well as the socio-economic impacts and market opportunities associated with changes in land use. While the combination of both studies will provide important base information to inform a possible negotiation system among stakeholders downstream and upstream to improve watershed management, it remains unclear what their own perceptions are when it comes to understanding relations between land use and water, and what are the main drivers of land use changes according to local history.
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    The social impacts of carbon markets in Costa Rica: A case study of the Huetar-Norte region
    Miranda, M.; Porras, I. T.; Moreno, M. L. (London: International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), 2004)
    This study assesses the impacts of the payments for environmental services (PES) programme in Costa Rica in relation to reforestation activities for the establishment of carbon sinks. The methodology used is the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach (SLA), which is based on five assets: financial, human, social, physical and natural. The study shows that the PES programme has had a significant impact on financial assets, not so much through the payments themselves but from the income expected from timber sales. The payments have acted as a catalyst for reforestation programmes, covering some of the initial outlay. However, the high transaction costs and obstacles to joining the scheme can preclude access to the PES for some of the most vulnerable groups who are dependent on other government programmes for their survival (e.g., peasants in receipt of housing support). There have been important benefits in terms of human assets through the provision of technical assistance and through 'learning by doing', particularly in relation to reforestation. The PES programme has had a considerable impact on social organisation, encouraging alliances between NGOs and providing the financial and human capital to consolidate objectives in organisations working with small producers. There has been a positive impact on the recovery of forest landscapes in the area, contributing to improvements in natural assets, which in turn has brought benefits for tourism. There have also been negative effects, particularly in relation to physical assets, including the deterioration of existing infrastructure such as roads and bridges, through increased use.
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    The social impacts of the Payments for Environmental Services (PES) Scheme in Costa Rica: A quantitative field survey and analysis of the Virilla watershed
    Miranda, M.; Porras, I. T.; Moreno, M. L. (London: International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), 2003)
    In 1996 Costa Rica implemented an innovative programme of Payments for Environmental Services (PES). Through this programme, forest and plantation owners are financially rewarded and legally acknowledged for the environmental services their forests provide to the community, both nationally and globally. By means of a case study of the Virilla watershed in Costa Rica, this report uses the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework to analyse the social effects of the PES programme, and examines the effects the programme has had on financial, human, social, physical and environmental capital.