Browsing by Author "Palmer, C."
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- Designing payments for environmental services in the context of weak property rights and commercial interestsEngel, Stefanie; Palmer, C. (2005)
- Dose rate effects in radiation-induced changes to phenyl-based polymeric scintillatorsPapageorgakis, C.; Al-Sheikhly, M.; Belloni, A.; Edberg, T. K.; Eno, S. C.; Feng, Yongbin; Jeng, Geng-Yuan; Kahn, Abraham; Lai, Yihui; McDonnell, T.; Mohammed, Ameer; Palmer, C.; Perez-Gokhale, Ruhi; Ricci-Tam, F.; Yang, Zishuo; Yao, Yao (Elsevier, 2022-11)Results on the effects of ionizing radiation on the signal produced by plastic scintillating rods manufactured by Eljen Technology company are presented for various matrix materials, dopant concentrations, fluors (EJ-200 and EJ-260), anti-oxidant concentrations, scintillator thickness, doses, and dose rates. The light output before and after irradiation is measured using an alpha source and a photomultiplier tube, and the light transmission by a spectrophotometer. Assuming an exponential decrease in the light output with dose, the change in light output is quantified using the exponential dose constant D. The D values are similar for primary and secondary doping concentrations of 1 and 2 times, and for antioxidant concentrations of 0, 1, and 2 times, the default manufacturer's concentration. The D value depends approximately linearly on the logarithm of the dose rate for dose rates between 2.2 Gy/h and 100 Gy/h for all materials. For EJ-200 polyvinyltoluene-based (PVT) scintillator, the dose constant is approximately linear in the logarithm of the dose rate up to 3900 Gy/h, while for polystyrene-based (PS) scintillator or for both materials with EJ-260 fluors, it remains constant or decreases (depending on doping concentration) above about 100 Gy/h. The results from rods of varying thickness and from the different fluors suggest damage to the initial light output is a larger effect than color center formation for scintillator thickness <= 1 cm. For the blue scintillator (EJ-200), the transmission measurements indicate damage to the fluors. We also find that while PVT is more resistant to radiation damage than PS at dose rates higher than about 100 Gy/h for EJ-200 fluors, they show similar damage at lower dose rates and for EJ-260 fluors.
- Payments for environmental services as an alternative to logging under weak property rights: The case of IndonesiaEngel, Stefanie; Palmer, C. (2005)Decentralization reforms in Indonesia have led to local communities engaging in logging agreements with timber companies for relatively low financial payoffs and at high environmental costs. This paper analyzes the potential of payments for environmental services (PES) to provide an alternative to logging for these communities and to induce forest conservation. We apply a game-theoretical model of community-firm interactions that explicitly considers two stylized conditions present in the Indonesian context: (i) the fact that community rights to the forest remain weak even after decentralization, and (ii) the presence of logging companies interested in the commercial exploitation of the forest.
- Payments for environmental services as an alternative to logging under weak property rights: The case of IndonesiaEngel, Stefanie; Palmer, C. (Elsevier B.V., 2008)This paper assesses the potential for payments for environmental services (PES) to take the place of logging agreements that have a high environmental cost and low economic return for local communities. The analysis uses a game-theoretical model that considers both the weak forest rights of the community and the influence of timber companies desiring to exploit the forests. The authors discuss aspects of PES design that influence effectiveness - important factors for choosing which communities to target, complexities to consider, and the use of data and analysis to shape PES design. Although this analysis focuses on a particular Indonesian context, the results have implications for other regions that also have weak communal property rights and are influenced by external commercial interests. Additionally, this paper clearly shows necessity of understanding local context in effective PES program design.