Browsing by Author "Pitman, Robert M."

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    Equipment Considerations for No-till Soybean Seeding
    Grisso, Robert D.; Holshouser, David L.; Pitman, Robert M. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2009-05-01)
    Successful planting and drilling with no-till equipment depends on specially designed systems that can uniformly place seed through heavy residue and into firm, moist soil. No-till equipment is available to achieve these results for good yields.
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    "Gear up and throttle down" to save fuel
    Grisso, Robert D.; Pitman, Robert M.; Perumpral, John V.; Vaughan, David H.; Roberson, Gary T.; Hoy, Roger M. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2009-05-01)
    This publication explains the fuel-saving technique called "Gear up and throttle-down," or GUTD.
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    Identification and Diagnosis of Long-Term Problem Areas in Fields of Agronomic Crops
    Broaddus, Michael G. (Virginia Tech, 2017-12-21)
    Since farming began, those who tilled the soil and planted and harvested crops have noticed areas within boundaries of their fields that do not produce as well as other areas. Centuries ago, nomadic farmers attributed these events to the wrath of unhappy gods or witches’ curses. However, with today’s technologies farmers can do better. Farmers today must also produce more to meet the food demands of a growing world population. To maintain their competitive advantage, American farmers need to be producing crops more efficiently than other producers in the world’s agricultural commodity markets. The objective of this paper is to educate producers to recognize what they need to test for and how to evaluating test results when dealing with problem areas in fields. Two different problem areas within two different soybean (Glycine max) fields were observed, analyzed, and tested in Caroline County during the 2017 growing season. Farmers verified that problem areas existed for years, and so in both fields, both problem areas as well as adjacent non-problem areas were tested for soil fertility, soybean nutrient content, and nematodes. Comparative tests confirmed that the problematic areas in both fields had inadequate fertility and low pH, and detrimental population levels of nematodes, which were exacerbated by low pH and inadequate fertility. Nematode species varied by site but included root knot (Meloidogyne spp.), dagger (Xiphinema spp.), and sting (Belonolaimus spp.) nematodes. The comparative tests also confirmed that of the two problem spots, the problem spots in both fields were the same soil series as the remainder of the field. Site A’s problem area had a low pH, low potassium, and 1660 root knot nematodes per 500 mg of soil. A root knot population over 170 is detrimental to a soybean. Other diseases found included charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) and fusarium root rot and wilt (Fusarium spp). Soybeans in the problem area in Site A were 50% shorter than the rest of the field and contained few pods at the R6 growth stage. Site B’s problem area soybean stand was 50% shorter than the rest of the field and also had considerably fewer pods. Site A’s problem area also suffered from a low pH, and phosphorus was yield limiting from both low pH and low soil levels. Site B also had detrimental levels of nematodes, with 160 sting nematodes and 440 dagger nematodes, in addition to fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum) and large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis). In conclusion, problem spots in fields present a problem for farmers in Virginia that need evaluating, and when evaluating, all factors such as soil fertility, environmental aspects, pests, and genetic potential should be considered.
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    Predicting Tractor Diesel Fuel Consumption
    Grisso, Robert D.; Perumpral, John V.; Vaughan, David H.; Roberson, Gary T.; Pitman, Robert M. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2010-08-24)
    General relationships capable of predicting tractor diesel fuel consumption are very useful for budget and management purposes but may not have the ability to compare fuel consumption for several potential engine configurations, such as turbocharging and air densification components. The objective of this factsheet is to examine several methods that use field measurements and Nebraska Tractor Test Laboratory results to estimate fuel consumption. Using these equations, farmers can estimate and compare the fuel savings for different operating and loading conditions.
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    Registration of 'Hilliard' wheat
    Griffey, Carl A.; Malla, Subas; Brooks, Wynse S.; Seago, John E.; Christopher, Anthony; Thomason, Wade E.; Pitman, Robert M.; Markham, Robin; Vaughn, Mark E.; Dunaway, David W.; Beahm, Mary; Barrack, C. Lin; Rucker, Elizabeth; Behl, Harry D.; Hardiman, Thomas H.; Beahm, Bruce R.; Browning, Phillip; Schmale, David G. III; McMaster, Nicole J.; Custis, J. Tommy; Gulick, Steve; Ashburn, S. Bobby; Jones, Ned, Jr.; Baik, Byung-Kee; Bockelman, Harold; Marshall, David; Fountain, Myron O.; Brown-Guedira, Gina L.; Cowger, Christina; Cambron, Sue; Kolmer, James; Jin, Yue; Chen, Xianming; Garland-Campbell, Kimberly; Sparry, Ellen (2020-09)
    'Hilliard' (Reg. no. CV-1163, PI 676271), a soft red winter (SRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) developed and tested as VA11W-108 by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, was released in March 2015. Hilliard was derived from the cross '25R47'/'Jamestown'. Hilliard is widely adapted, from Texas to Ontario, Canada, and provides producers with a mid-season, medium height, awned, semi-dwarf (Rht2) cul tivar that has very high yield potential, good straw strength, and intermediate grain volume weight and quality. It expresses moderate to high levels of resistance to most diseases prevalent in the eastern United States and Ontario. In the 2016-2018 USDA-ARS Uniform SRW Wheat nurseries, Hilliard ranked first in grain yield in the southern nursery across all 3 yr (5,147-5,758 kg ha(-1)). In the uniform eastern nursery, it ranked first for grain yield in 2016 (6,159 kg ha(-1)) and 2017 (5,633 kg ha(-1)) and second in 2018 (5,515 kg ha(-1)). Grain volume weights of Hilliard were similar to overall trial averages in the uniform southern (73.4-75.2 kg hl(-1)) and eastern (70-75.8 kg hl(-1)) nurseries. Hilliard has soft grain texture with flour softness equivalent values varying from 58.1 to 61.7 g 100 g(-1). Straight grade flour yields on a Quadrumat Senior mill varied from 66.8 to 68.4 g kg(-1). Flour protein concentration varied from 7.0 to 9.1 g 100 g(-1) and gluten strength from 108 to 128 g 100 g(-1), as measured by lactic acid solvent retention capacity. Cookie spread diameter varied from 18.3 to 18.6 cm.
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    Registration of 'LCS Compass' Wheat
    Liu, L.; Barnett, Marla D.; Griffey, Carl A.; Malla, Subas; Brooks, Wynse S.; Seago, John E.; Kirby, K.; Thomason, Wade E.; Rucker, E. G.; Behl, Harry D.; Pitman, Robert M.; Dunaway, David W.; Vaughn, Mark E.; Custis, J. Tommy; Seabourn, Bradford W.; Chen, R.; Fountain, Myron O.; Marshall, D.; Graybosch, Robert A.; Divis, L. A.; Hansen, L. E.; Cowger, C.; Cambron, Sue; Jin, Y.; Beahm, Bruce R.; Hardiman, Thomas H.; Lin, C. J.; Mennel, D. Ford; Mennel, Donald L. (2018-12-13)
    'LCS Compass' (Reg. No. CV-1149, PI 675458), a hard red winter (HRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), was developed and tested as VA10HRW-13 and co-released by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station and Limagrain Cereal Seeds, LLC, in 2015. LCS Compass was derived from the cross 'Vision 20' /'Stanof' using a modified bulk breeding method. LCS Compass is a widely adapted, high-yielding, awned, semidwarf (Rht1) HRW wheat with early to medium maturity and resistance or moderate resistance to diseases prevalent in the mid-Atlantic and Great Plains regions of the United States. In the 2013 Uniform Bread Wheat Trial conducted over 18 locations in eastern states, LCS Compass produced an average grain yield of 4609 kg ha(-1) that was similar to 'Vision 30' (4697 kg ha(-1)). In the northern Great Plains, the average grain yield of LCS Compass (4015 kg ha(-1)) over 44 locations in 2013 was similar to 'Jerry' (4013 kg ha(-1)). In the South Dakota crop zone 3 variety test, LCS Compass had a 3-yr (2015-2017) yield average of 5575 kg ha(-1) and was one of highest-yielding cultivars among the 19 cultivars tested over the 3-yr period. LCS Compass has good end-use quality in both the eastern and Great Plains regions of the United States.
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    Registration of 'LCS Wizard' Wheat
    Liu, L.; Barnett, Marla D.; Griffey, Carl A.; Malla, Subas; Brooks, Wynse S.; Seago, John E.; Butler, H.; Thomason, Wade E.; Rucker, E. G.; Behl, Harry D.; Pitman, Robert M.; Dunaway, David W.; Vaughn, Mark E.; Custis, J. Tommy; Seabourn, Bradford W.; Chen, R.; Fountain, Myron O.; Marshall, D.; Graybosch, Robert A.; Divis, L. A.; Hansen, L. E.; Cowger, C.; Cambron, Sue; Jin, Y.; Beahm, Bruce R.; Hardiman, Thomas H.; Lin, C. J.; Mennel, D. Ford; Mennel, Donald L. (2016-01)
    The objective of this research was to develop widely adapted hard winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties to meet the needs of mills, bakeries, and consumers in the eastern and Great Plains regions of the United States. 'LCS Wizard' (Reg. No. CV-1111, PI 669574), a hard red winter (HRW) wheat, was developed and tested as VA08HRW-80 and co-released by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station and Limagrain Cereal Seeds, LLC in 2013. LCS Wizard was derived from the three-way cross S.6742/92PAN1#33//92PIN#107 using a modified bulk breeding method. LCS Wizard is a widely adapted, high-yielding, awned, semidwarf (Rht1) HRW wheat with midseason spike emergence and resistance or moderate resistance to diseases prevalent in the mid-Atlantic and Great Plains regions. In the 2014 Uniform Bread Wheat Trial conducted over 17 locations in eastern states, LCS Wizard produced an average grain yield of 4717 kg ha(-1), similar to 'Vision 45' (4650 kg ha(-1)). In the northern Great Plains, the average grain yield over 54 locations in 2012 of LCS Wizard (4419 kg ha(-1)) was slightly lower than that of 'Overland' (4659 kg ha(-1)). In the southern Great Plains, its average grain yield (3844 kg ha(-1)) over 85 locations was slightly higher than that of Fuller (3757 kg ha(-1)). LCS Wizard has acceptable end-use quality in both the eastern and Great Plains regions of the United States.
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    Registration of 'SB255' winter barley
    Brooks, Wynse S.; Griffey, Carl A.; Vaughn, Mark E.; Seago, John E.; Thomason, Wade E.; Fitzgerald, Joshua; Christopher, Anthony; Pitman, Robert M.; Dunaway, David W.; Light, Jon; Rucker, Elizabeth; Behl, Harry D.; Beahm, Bruce R.; Browning, Phillip; McMaster, Nicole J.; Schmale, David G. III; Hardiman, Thomas H.; Custis, J. Tommy; Gulick, Steve; Ashburn, S. Bobby; Jones, Ned, Jr.; Marshall, David; Fountain, Myron O.; Tan Tuong; Oakes, Joseph C. (2021-05)
    'SB255' (Reg. no. CV-373, PI 693987) is a six-rowed hulled barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar with winter growth habit. The cultivar was released by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station in May 2019. SB255 is widely adapted, high yielding, high grain volume weight, and medium tall. It has good winterhardiness and good straw strength. The spikes of SB255 are strap and slightly waxy with no overlapping lateral kernels and with long awns. Prior to being named, SB255 was tested under the experimental designation VA11B-141 (LA). It was derived from the cross Spont03-44/VA01B-44 and developed using a modified-bulk breeding method. It was evaluated from 2013 to 2019 in the Virginia Official Variety Trials at five to six locations. SB255's average grain yield (5,214 kg ha(-1)) was similar to the check cultivars 'Secretariat' and 'Thoroughbred' but significantly (P <= .05) higher than 'Atlantic', 'Price', 'Callao', 'Nomini', and 'Wysor'. Average grain volume weight of SB255 (60.8 kg hL(-1)) was similar to Secretariat and Price but exceeded (P <= 0.05) those of Thoroughbred, Atlantic, Callao, Nomini, and Wysor. Head emergence of SB255 was similar to Thoroughbred and 2-5 d later than winter feed barley cultivars Secretariat, Atlantic, Price, Callao, and Nomini. SB255 was developed primarily as a feed barley cultivar. It provides barley producers and end users in the eastern United States with a high-grain-yielding cultivar having good to moderate resistance to all diseases prevalent in the eastern United States, including Fusarium head blight (FHB), and also lower deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation in the grain.
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    Registration of 'Secretariat' Winter Barley
    Griffey, Carl A.; Brooks, Wynse S.; Vaughn, Mark E.; Berger, Gregory L.; Thomason, Wade E.; Pitman, Robert M.; Malla, Subas; Seago, John E.; Dunaway, David W.; Rucker, Elizabeth; Behl, Harry D.; Browning, Phillip; Schmale, David G. III; McMaster, Nicole J.; Hardiman, Thomas H.; Custis, J. Tommy; Starner, David Eugene; Gulick, Steve; Ashburn, S. Bobby; Jones, E. H.; Marshall, David; Fountain, Myron O.; Tuong, Tan Duy; Kurantz, Michael J.; Moreau, Robert A.; Hicks, Kevin B. (2016-08-30)
    ‘Secretariat’ (Reg. No. CV-359, PI 673931) is a six-row hulled winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) developed by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station and released in May 2014. Secretariat, formerly designated VA08B-85, was derived from the cross VA00B-199/VA00B-259 and developed using a modified bulk breeding method. It was evaluated from 2012 to 2015 in the Virginia Official Variety Trials at five to six locations. Secretariat’s average grain yield (5907 kg ha−1) was higher than the check cultivars ‘Atlantic’, ‘Price’, ‘Callao’, ‘Nomini’, and ‘Wysor’ and similar to ‘Thoroughbred’. Average grain volume weight of Secretariat (61.1 kg hL−1) was similar to Thoroughbred, Atlantic, Price, and Callao and higher than Nomini and Wysor. Head emergence of Secretariat is 6 d earlier than the predominant cultivar Thoroughbred. Earlier maturity is a primary factor determining whether barley or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is used in double-cropping systems with soybean [Glycine max (Merr.) L.]. Grain of Secretariat produced an average starch concentration (56.9%) that was higher than Price and Callao, similar to Atlantic, but lower than Thoroughbred. Secretariat provides barley producers and end users in the eastern United States with a high-yielding, widely adapted, early-maturing winter barley cultivar that has good grain quality and is highly resistant to leaf rust (caused by Puccinia hordei G. Otth) and powdery mildew [caused by Blumeria graminis (DC.) E.O. Speer f. sp. hordei Em. Marchal].
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    Registration of 'Vision 50' Wheat
    Liu, L.; Barnett, Marla D.; Griffey, Carl A.; Malla, Subas; Brooks, Wynse S.; Seago, John E.; Fitzgerald, Joshua; Thomason, Wade E.; Rucker, E. G.; Behl, Harry D.; Pitman, Robert M.; Dunaway, David W.; Vaughn, Mark E.; Custis, J. Tommy; Seabourn, Bradford W.; Chen, R.; Fountain, Myron O.; Marshall, D.; Cowger, C.; Cambron, Sue; Jin, Y.; Beahm, Bruce R.; Browning, Phillip; Hardiman, Thomas H.; Lin, C. J.; Mennel, D. Ford; Mennel, Donald L. (2019-03-28)
    'Vision 50' (Reg. No. CV-1152, PI 679953), a hard red winter (HRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar, was derived from the cross 'Jagalene'/'Provinciale' using a modified bulk breeding method. Vision 50 was tested as VA09HRW-64 in replicated yield trials in Virginia (2011-2017) and in the USDAARS Uniform Bread Wheat Trials (2012-2017) and released by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station in 2016. Vision 50 is a widely adapted, high-yielding, awned, semidwarf (unknown Rht gene) HRW wheat having mid-to late-season spike emergence, strong straw strength, and resistance or moderate resistance to diseases prevalent in the mid-Atlantic region. In the Virginia Bread Wheat Elite Test from 2014 to 2017, Vision 50 produced a mean yield of 5067 kg ha(-1) that was similar to the highest-yielding (5757 kg ha(-1)) cultivar Shirley, a soft red winter wheat check. Vision 50 has acceptable end-use quality on the basis of comparisons with the HRW wheat check cultivar Jagger for wheat protein (11.3 vs. 12.2 g 100 g(-1)), flour yield (72.7 vs. 66.4 g 100 g(-1)), flour water absorption (59.5 vs. 62.3 g 100 g(-1)), dough mixing tolerance (2.7 vs. 3.0), pup-loaf volume (815 vs. 822 cm(3)), and crumb grain scores (4.2 vs. 3.8).
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    Small Grains in 2016
    Thomason, Wade E.; Griffey, Carl A.; Behl, Harry D.; Black, Tyler; Malla, Subas; Hokanson, Liz; Custis, J. Tommy; Langston, David B.; Jones, Karl; Pitman, Robert M.; Vaughn, Mark E.; Jones, Ned; Brooks, Wynse S.; Light, Jon; Clark, Robert A.; Gulick, Steve (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2016-07-27)
    Notes the cultivars of barley and wheat recommended in Virginia for 2016. Discusses performance testing for these varieties, and summarizes the results.
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    Small Grains in 2018
    Brooks, Wynse S.; Bee, Khim Chim; Custis, Tom; Griffey, Carl A.; Langston, David B.; Light, Jon; Oakes, Joseph C.; Pitman, Robert M.; Rucker, Elizabeth; Vaughn, Mark; Lael, Brad; Horn, Doug; Jones, Ned (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2018-07-20)
    Notes the cultivars of barley and wheat recommended in Virginia for 2018. Discusses performance testing for these varieties and summarizes the results.
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    Soybean Rust Incidence and the Response of Soybeans to Foliar Fungicides in 2006
    Phipps, Patrick Michael; Partridge, Darcy; Stromberg, Erik L.; Rideout, Steven L.; Holshouser, David L.; Pitman, Robert M. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2009)
    Discusses fungal diseases of soybean plants, and the use of fungicides to control them.
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    Soybean Rust Incidence and the Response of Soybeans to Foliar Fungicides in 2007
    Phipps, Patrick Michael; Stromberg, Erik L.; Rideout, Steven L.; Holshouser, David L.; Pitman, Robert M. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2008)
    Discusses fungal diseases of soybean plants, and the use of fungicides to control them.
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    Soybean Rust Incidence and the Response of Soybeans to Foliar Fungicides in 2008
    Phipps, Patrick Michael; Stromberg, Erik L.; Rideout, Steven L.; Bush, Elizabeth A.; Holshouser, David L.; Pitman, Robert M.; Taylor, Clark; Estienne, Cynthia Elizabeth; Davis, Paul H.; Wells, Kelvin; Lawrence, Watson (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2009)
    Discusses fungal diseases of soybean plants, and the use of fungicides to control them.
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    Soybean Rust Incidence and the Response of Soybeans to Foliar Fungicides in 2009
    Phipps, Patrick Michael; Stromberg, Erik L.; Rideout, Steven L.; Holshouser, David L.; Pitman, Robert M.; Taylor, Clark; Lawrence, Watson; Moore, David M.; Balderson, T. Keith (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2010)
    Discusses fungal diseases of soybean plants, and the use of fungicides to control them.
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    Using Tractor Test Data for Selecting Farm Tractors
    Grisso, Robert D.; Perumpral, John V.; Roberson, Gary T.; Pitman, Robert M. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2015-03-11)
    The Nebraska Tractor Test Laboratory (NTTL) at the University of Nebraska is the official U.S. tractor testing station for the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. This laboratory has the responsibility for testing all models of tractors sold in the state of Nebraska, and it publishes the results of all tests it conducts. It also tests tractors manufactured in the United States and sold in international markets.
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    Using Tractor Test Data for Selecting Farm Tractors
    Grisso, Robert D.; Vaughan, David H.; Perumpral, John V.; Roberson, Gary T.; Pitman, Robert M.; Hoy, Roger M. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2009-05-12)
    Familiarizes farmers and other users of the test reports from the Nebraska Tractor Test Laboratory, and how to use them for selection and performance comparison of farm tractors.
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    Virginia Grain Sorghum Performance Tests, 2015
    Balota, Maria; Oakes, Joseph C.; Thomason, Wade E.; Pitman, Robert M.; Mehl, H. L. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2016-02-12)
    Offers data about the grain sorghum testing program, and evaluations of commercial and experimental varieties of grain sorghum. Statistical analyses are provided, as well as information on relative yield, grain moisture, head mold, and more.