Browsing by Author "Rideout, Steven"

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    2022-2023 Mid-Atlantic Commercial Vegetable Production Recommendations
    Reiter, Mark S.; Samtani, Jayesh; Torres Quezada, Emmanuel; Singh, Vijay; Doughty, H.; Kuhar, Thomas P.; Sutton, Kemper; Wilson, James; Langston, David B.; Rideout, Steven; Parkhurst, James; Strawn, Laura K. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2022-11-30)
    This copy of the 2022/2023 Mid-Atlantic Commercial Vegetable Production Recommendations replaces all previous editions of the Commercial Vegetable Production Recommendations published individually for Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia. Information presented in this publication is based on research results from the University of Delaware, the University of Maryland, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, The Pennsylvania State University, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, West Virginia University, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, combined with industry and grower knowledge and experience. This publication will be revised biennially. In January 2023, a Critical Update with important updates for this publication will be communicated through local Extension Agents and Vegetable Specialists. The editors welcome constructive criticism and suggestions from growers and industry personnel who may wish to help improve future editions of this publication. These recommendations are intended for the commercial vegetable grower who has to make numerous managerial decisions. Although the proper choices of variety, pesticides, equipment, irrigation, fertilizer, and cultural practices are the individual vegetable grower’s responsibility, it is intended that these recommendations will facilitate decision-making. Recommended planting dates will vary across the six-state region. Local weather conditions, grower experience, and variety may facilitate successful harvest on crops planted outside the planting dates listed in this guide. This can be evaluated in consultation with the local agents and state specialists. Government agencies and other organizations administrating crop insurance programs or other support programs should contact local Extension agents and/or vegetable specialists for guidance. Not to be used by home gardeners.
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    Nutrient Availability in Wheat During Growing Season Comparing Poultry Litter and Inorganic Fertilizer
    Schronce, Heather; Thomason, Wade E.; Langston, David B.; Rideout, Steven (Virginia Tech, 2022-08-22)
    Winter wheat production in North Carolina is continuing to expand. Commercial fertilizer costs are also continuing to rise and growers are looking for other options for plant nutrients. Poultry litter is a common fertilizer source that has been used in the past and is more popular now due to being a cheaper alternative to inorganic fertilizer. However, not all poultry litter is created equal in terms of nutrient content and in order to know what is in the litter, manure analysis must be performed. It is also unclear how much the litter breaks down within the first cropping season and how much of the nutrients are available for plant uptake. Thus, a study was performed to evaluate the nutrient availability of poultry litter compared to inorganic fertilizer during the 2021-2022 wheat growing season. The study took place in Lawndale, North Carolina on a field farmed by Toluca Grain and Hay. During the growing season, tissue samples were collected from each treatment (1- nonfertilized control, 2- poultry litter fertilized, and 3- inorganic fertilizer) and analyzed for N, P, and K nutrient levels. At harvest, each plot sample was weighed in a weigh wagon, and a smaller sample from each plot was tested using a certified scale for test weight and moisture content. There were no significant differences in yield and test weight between the poultry litter and inorganic fertilizer treatments. However, the poultry litter tissue samples and final soil samples showed higher levels of phosphorus and potassium than the other treatments. Poultry litter proved to be an effective alternative fertilizer to inorganic fertilizer at a lower cost.
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    Response of the Edamame Germplasm to Early-Season Diseases in the United States
    Li, Xiaoying; Zaia, Rafael; Liu, Kathryn; Xu, Xueming; Silva, Marcos Da; Rojas, Alejandro; Welbaum, Gregory E.; Zhang, Bo; Rideout, Steven (MDPI, 2024-07-29)
    Edamame (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is a specialty soybean newly grown in the United States that has become the second most widely consumed soy food (25,000–30,000 tons annually). Poor crop establishment caused by soilborne diseases is a major problem limiting edamame production in the U.S. This study investigated 24 edamame cultivars/lines to determine their response to three soilborne pathogens causing seed rot and seedling damping off, including Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Pythium irregulare, and Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines, a seedborne pathogen that caused severe outbreaks of bacterial leaf pustules in mid-Atlantic regions in 2021. The hypothesis was that resistant variations existed among the genotypes, which could be used for production and future breeding efforts. The results reveal that all genotypes were affected, but partially resistant varieties could be clearly recognized by a significantly lower disease index (p < 0.05), and no genotype was resistant to all four diseases. Newly developed breeding lines showed overall higher disease resistance than commercial cultivars, particularly to R. solani and P. irregulare. This study found genetic variability in edamame, which can be helpful in breeding for resistance or tolerance to early-season diseases. The result will promote domestic edamame production and further strengthen and diversify agricultural economies in the U.S.
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    Understanding the Role of Overall Appearance and Color in Consumers' Acceptability of Edamame
    Carneiro, Renata; Adie, Kyle; Yu, Dajun; Beverly, Mariah; Neill, Clinton L.; Zhang, Bo; Kuhar, Thomas P.; Rideout, Steven; Reiter, Mark S.; Huang, Haibo; O'Keefe, Sean; Duncan, Susan (Frontiers, 2022-04-29)
    Appearance properties of vegetables can affect consumers' acceptance toward them as well as purchase intent. Hence, appearance is highly associated with quality of edamame (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), a protein-rich vegetable that is experiencing increased sales in the USA. Edamame is a high-value specialty crop and its production has been promoted in Virginia and other states in the USA where the tobacco production has decreased in the last decade. To support current efforts to develop the edamame industry in the USA, consumer and color data of 10 edamame genotypes grown in Virginia were analyzed in this follow-up study to understand the role of overall appearance and color characteristics in consumers' acceptability of edamame beans. In two consecutive years, untrained adult volunteers used 9-point hedonic scales (1 = "dislike extremely", 9 = "like extremely") to evaluate appearance and overall liking of edamame samples (cooked and shelled edamame beans) and our researchers measured the reflective color of the samples with a chroma meter. In the first year, sensory panelists also completed a choice-based conjoint analysis to determine their willingness-to-pay (WTP) for dark vs. light green edamame beans in a salad. Edamame genotypes were significantly different in appearance and overall liking (p < 0.05) and the genotype R14-16195 was the most liked overall. Hedonic scores and color were significantly affected by "year" (p < 0.05), so intentional changes between years (e.g., sample preparation) should be avoided in future studies. Consumers showed higher WTP for dark green edamame beans. Additionally, green intensity (color index) and a* color coordinate were correlated to appearance liking scores (p < 0.05), which suggests color data can support breeding selection criteria and possibly predict consumer acceptability. Employing color measurement as quality control method can help improve harvest procedures, post-harvest handling, and define edamame quality standards for the USA market.