Browsing by Author "Rustad, Lindsey E."

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    A meta-analysis of 1,119 manipulative experiments on terrestrial carbon-cycling responses to global change
    Song, Jian; Wan, Shiqiang; Piao, Shilong; Knapp, Alan K.; Classen, Aimee T.; Vicca, Sara; Ciais, Philippe; Hovenden, Mark J.; Leuzinger, Sebastian; Beier, Claus; Kardol, Paul; Xia, Jianyang; Liu, Qiang; Ru, Jingyi; Zhou, Zhenxing; Luo, Yiqi; Guo, Dali; Langley, J. Adam; Zscheischler, Jakob; Dukes, Jeffrey S.; Tang, Jianwu; Chen, Jiquan; Hofmockel, Kirsten S.; Kueppers, Lara M.; Rustad, Lindsey E.; Liu, Lingli; Smith, Melinda D.; Templer, Pamela H.; Thomas, R. Quinn; Norby, Richard J.; Phillips, Richard P.; Niu, Shuli; Fatichi, Simone; Wang, Yingping; Shao, Pengshuai; Han, Hongyan; Wang, Dandan; Lei, Lingjie; Wang, Jiali; Li, Xiaona; Zhang, Qian; Li, Xiaoming; Su, Fanglong; Liu, Bin; Yang, Fan; Ma, Gaigai; Li, Guoyong; Liu, Yanchun; Liu, Yinzhan; Yang, Zhongling; Zhang, Kesheng; Miao, Yuan; Hu, Mengjun; Yan, Chuang; Zhang, Ang; Zhong, Mingxing; Hui, Yan; Li, Ying; Zheng, Mengmei (2019-09)
    Direct quantification of terrestrial biosphere responses to global change is crucial for projections of future climate change in Earth system models. Here, we synthesized ecosystem carbon-cycling data from 1,119 experiments performed over the past four decades concerning changes in temperature, precipitation, CO2 and nitrogen across major terrestrial vegetation types of the world. Most experiments manipulated single rather than multiple global change drivers in temperate ecosystems of the USA, Europe and China. The magnitudes of warming and elevated CO2 treatments were consistent with the ranges of future projections, whereas those of precipitation changes and nitrogen inputs often exceeded the projected ranges. Increases in global change drivers consistently accelerated, but decreased precipitation slowed down carbon-cycle processes. Nonlinear (including synergistic and antagonistic) effects among global change drivers were rare. Belowground carbon allocation responded negatively to increased precipitation and nitrogen addition and positively to decreased precipitation and elevated CO2. The sensitivities of carbon variables to multiple global change drivers depended on the background climate and ecosystem condition, suggesting that Earth system models should be evaluated using site-specific conditions for best uses of this large dataset. Together, this synthesis underscores an urgent need to explore the interactions among multiple global change drivers in under-represented regions such as semi-arid ecosystems, forests in the tropics and subtropics, and Arctic tundra when forecasting future terrestrial carbon-climate feedback.
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    Watershed studies at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Building on a long legacy of research with new approaches and sources of data
    Campbell, John L.; Rustad, Lindsey E.; Bailey, Scott W.; Bernhardt, Emily S.; Driscoll, Charles T.; Green, Mark B.; Groffman, Peter M.; Lovett, Gary M.; McDowell, William H.; McGuire, Kevin J.; Rosi, Emma J. (2021-01)
    The Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF) was established in 1955 by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service out of concerns about the effects of logging increasing flooding and erosion. To address this issue, within the HBEF hydrological and micrometeorological monitoring was initiated in small watersheds designated for harvesting experiments. The Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES) originated in 1963, with the idea of using the small watershed approach to study element fluxes and cycling and the response of forest ecosystems to disturbances, such as forest management practices and air pollution. Early evidence of acid rain was documented at the HBEF and research by scientists at the site helped shape acid rain mitigation policies. New lines of investigation at the HBEF have built on the long legacy of watershed research resulting in a shift from comparing inputs and outputs and quantifying pools and fluxes to a more mechanistic understanding of ecosystem processes within watersheds. For example, hydropedological studies have shed light on linkages between hydrologic flow paths and soil development that provide valuable perspective for managing forests and understanding stream water quality. New high frequency in situ stream chemistry sensors are providing insights about extreme events and diurnal patterns that were indiscernible with traditional weekly sampling. Additionally, tools are being developed for visual and auditory data exploration and discovery by a broad audience. Given the unprecedented environmental change that is occurring, data from the small watersheds at the HBEF are more relevant now than ever and will continue to serve as a basis for sound environmental decision-making.