Browsing by Author "Sadeghpour, Amir"
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- Corn and Wheat Residue Management Effects on Greenhouse Emissions in the Mid-Atlantic USABattaglia, Martin L.; Thomason, Wade E.; Fike, John H.; Evanylo, Gregory K.; Stewart, Ryan D.; Gross, Cole D.; Seleiman, Mahmoud F.; Babur, Emre; Sadeghpour, Amir; Harrison, Matthew Tom (MDPI, 2022-06-05)Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from crop residue management have been studied extensively, yet the effects of harvesting more than one crop residue in a rotation have not been reported. Here, we measured the short-term changes in methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in response to residue removal from continuous corn (Zea mays L.) (CC) and corn–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) (CWS) rotations in the Mid-Atlantic USA. A first experiment retained five corn stover rates (0, 3.33, 6.66, 10, and 20 Mg ha−1) in a continuous corn (CC) in Blacksburg, VA, in 2016 and 2017. Two other experiments, initiated during the wheat and corn phases of the CWS rotation in New Kent, VA, utilized a factorial combination of retained corn (0, 3.33, 6.66, and 10.0 Mg ha−1) and wheat residue (0, 1, 2, and 3 Mg ha−1). Soybean residue was not varied. Different crop retention rates did not affect CO2 fluxes in any of the field studies. In Blacksburg, retaining 5 Mg ha−1 stover or more increased CH4 and N2O emissions by ~25%. Maximum CH4 and N2O fluxes (4.16 and 5.94 mg m−2 day−1) occurred with 200% (20 Mg ha−1) retention. Two cycles of stover management in Blacksburg, and one cycle of corn or wheat residue management in New Kent did not affect GHG fluxes. This study is the first to investigate the effects of crop residue on GHG emissions in a multi-crop system in humid temperate zones. Longer-term studies are warranted to understand crop residue management effects on GHG emissions in these systems.
- Linking soil microbial community structure to potential carbon mineralization: A continental scale assessment of reduced tillageRieke, Elizabeth L.; Cappellazzi, Shannon B.; Cope, Michael; Liptzin, Daniel; Mac Bean, G.; Greub, Kelsey L. H.; Norris, Charlotte E.; Tracy, Paul W.; Aberle, Ezra; Ashworth, Amanda; Banuelos Tavarez, Oscar; Bary, Andy, I; Baumhardt, R. L.; Borbon Gracia, Alberto; Brainard, Daniel C.; Brennan, Jameson R.; Briones Reyes, Dolores; Bruhjell, Darren; Carlyle, Cameron N.; Crawford, James J. W.; Creech, Cody F.; Culman, Steve W.; Deen, Bill; Dell, Curtis J.; Derner, Justin D.; Ducey, Thomas F.; Duiker, Sjoerd W.; Dyck, Miles F.; Ellert, Benjamin H.; Espinosa Solorio, Avelino; Fonte, Steven J.; Fonteyne, Simon; Fortuna, Ann-Marie; Foster, Jamie L.; Fultz, Lisa M.; Gamble, Audrey, V; Geddes, Charles M.; Griffin-LaHue, Deirdre; Grove, John H.; Hamilton, Stephen K.; Hao, Xiying; Hayden, Zachary D.; Honsdorf, Nora; Howe, Julie A.; Ippolito, James A.; Johnson, Gregg A.; Kautz, Mark A.; Kitchen, Newell R.; Kumar, Sandeep; Kurtz, Kirsten S. M.; Larney, Francis J.; Lewis, Katie L.; Liebman, Matt; Lopez Ramirez, Antonio; Machado, Stephen; Maharjan, Bijesh; Martinez Gamino, Miguel Angel; May, William E.; McClaran, Mitchel P.; McDaniel, Marshall D.; Millar, Neville; Mitchell, Jeffrey P.; Moore, Amber D.; Moore, Philip A.; Mora Gutierrez, Manuel; Nelson, Kelly A.; Omondi, Emmanuel C.; Osborne, Shannon L.; Osorio Alcala, Leodegario; Owens, Philip; Pena-Yewtukhiw, Eugenia M.; Poffenbarger, Hanna J.; Ponce Lira, Brenda; Reeve, Jennifer R.; Reinbott, Timothy M.; Reiter, Mark S.; Ritchey, Edwin L.; Roozeboom, Kraig L.; Rui, Yichao; Sadeghpour, Amir; Sainju, Upendra M.; Sanford, Gregg R.; Schillinger, William F.; Schindelbeck, Robert R.; Schipanski, Meagan E.; Schlegel, Alan J.; Scow, Kate M.; Sherrod, Lucretia A.; Shober, Amy L.; Sidhu, Sudeep S.; Solis Moya, Ernesto; St Luce, Mervin; Strock, Jeffrey S.; Suyker, Andrew E.; Sykes, Virginia R.; Tao, Haiying; Trujillo Campos, Alberto; Van Eerd, Laura L.; Verhulst, Nele; Vyn, Tony J.; Wang, Yutao; Watts, Dexter B.; William, Bryan B.; Wright, David L.; Zhang, Tiequan; Morgan, Cristine L. S.; Honeycutt, C. Wayne (Pergamon-Elsevier, 2022-05)Potential carbon mineralization (Cmin) is a commonly used indicator of soil health, with greater Cmin values interpreted as healthier soil. While Cmin values are typically greater in agricultural soils managed with minimal physical disturbance, the mechanisms driving the increases remain poorly understood. This study assessed bacterial and archaeal community structure and potential microbial drivers of Cmin in soils maintained under various degrees of physical disturbance. Potential carbon mineralization, 16S rRNA sequences, and soil characterization data were collected as part of the North American Project to Evaluate Soil Health Measurements (NAPESHM). Results showed that type of cropping system, intensity of physical disturbance, and soil pH influenced microbial sensitivity to physical disturbance. Furthermore, 28% of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), which were important in modeling Cmin, were enriched under soils managed with minimal physical disturbance. Sequences identified as enriched under minimal disturbance and important for modeling Cmin, were linked to organisms which could produce extracellular polymeric substances and contained metabolic strategies suited for tolerating environmental stressors. Understanding how physical disturbance shapes microbial communities across climates and inherent soil properties and drives changes in Cmin provides the context necessary to evaluate management impacts on standardized measures of soil microbial activity.