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Browsing by Author "Schonberger, H. Lester"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    Cold Chain Management at Farmers’ Markets
    Acosta, Ernesto L. (Virginia Tech, 2023-01-16)
    Small farms are exempt from the Food Safety Modernization Act. Thus, educational materials are necessary to remind small farmers about safe food handling practices. The cold chain (refrigeration) is an important part of the farm to fork process. A guide about cold chain management is a useful reminder that can help reduce the risk of foodborne illness.
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    Cooperative Extension’s Capacity to Address Food Insecurity by Supporting Food Recovery Organizations
    Schonberger, H. Lester; Yang, Lily; Chase, Melissa W.; Drape, Tiffany A.; Misyak, Sarah A.; Boyer, Renee R. (Clemson University, 2022-06-01)
    Virginia Cooperative Extension (VCE) educators are uniquely positioned to support the food recovery organizations (FROs) which address hunger-related needs resulting from food insecurity. Based on an online survey to measure how VCE educators have engaged with FROs and their experiences, respondents who previously supported FROs did so across multiple programming areas, and those who had not indicated an interest while also experiencing barriers. Respondents also reported the need for context and audience-specific resources particular to the spectrum of food recovery. Addressing barriers and resource needs through a transdisciplinary eXtension Food Recovery Community of Practice may support educators in doing this work.
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    An Examination of Food Handling Practices at Food Pantries
    Guinee, Aislinn (Virginia Tech, 2023-06-05)
    The latest edition of the Food and Drug Administration's Model Food Code provides the definition of an acceptable donated food item but does not specify any safe storage or handling standards for these items. Virginia has not adopted this edition, but its own food handling regulations provide liability protections to food donors and exempt food pantries from any relevant retail food handling regulations. This means that food pantries must provide their own oversight over implementation of safe food handling requirements. Some pantries only accept nonperishables, but others accept both perishable and nonperishable food, or prepare/repurpose food on site. Therefore, pantries have varying needs in terms of safe food handling and preparation oversight and guidance. This project aims to observe food safety practices at food pantries within Virginia, and to establish a set of recommendations based on these observations for food pantries to consider implementing. Twenty pantries throughout the Commonwealth of Virginia were observed when distributing food using a standardized rubric. This rubric allowed the observer to collect detail on food storage, handling, and preparation at the pantry. Each pantry was visited once and observed for about two hours. The manager of the pantry completed a survey to determine basic food safety knowledge. Generally, pantries successfully followed basic food safety guidelines, however there were some clear risky practices observed. These included improper handwashing, improper storage of perishable items, and improper volunteer personal hygiene. There were only two handwashing attempts observed between all 20 pantries and neither of these attempts was correct. In addition, 8 of 20 (40%) of the pantries did not keep up to date records of their refrigerator and freezer temperatures. Lack of personal hygiene, especially the use of personal items while handling food and lack of glove usage, was a concern. 9 of 20 (45%) of pantries had someone on site using a personal item while handling food, and 4 of 6 (67%) of pantries that prepared or cooked food on site had volunteers improperly wearing gloves during these activities. Managers at seventeen of twenty (85%) pantries reported completing some type of food safety training while only volunteers at six of twenty (30%) pantries reported the same. This demonstrates gaps in knowledge between volunteers and managers. The results of this study demonstrate the need for standard operating procedures (SOPs) to be made available for food pantries, as well as a food safety training created specifically for food pantry volunteers that is applicable to their scope of work.
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    Food Safety Education Challenges and Opportunities in Virginia's Food Recovery Organizations
    Schonberger, H. Lester (Virginia Tech, 2020-09-09)
    There were an estimated 11.1% of households experiencing food insecurity in the U.S. in 2018, meaning that they did not have the adequate resources to access safe, nutritious food at some point in the year. In order to support people experiencing food insecurity and related-hunger, national organizations, regional food banks, and local programs operate to recover, organize, and distribute the food available to them. Food recovery work falls into a regulatory grey-area. Should anyone consuming donated food become ill, the food handlers would not be criminally or civilly liable if they distributed it in good faith. There are no federal regulations covering food handling in food recovery, though some states do have such regulations. As a result, safe food handling guidance, education, and training is offered through organized networks and Cooperative Extension. Participating in educational programs increases safe food handling knowledge, however volunteers and employees in food recovery organizations have also been observed to unsafely handle food. Additionally, these resources can be limited in their scope and some are only accessible through membership in pre-existing networks such as Feeding America. The purpose of this work is to further document how food is handled in food recovery and compliment that by collecting the experiences and perceptions of these food handlers as well as Cooperative Extension educators who support them. This work utilized a mixed-methods approach to quantify behaviors and experiences, which compliments qualitatively collected contextual information. Food handlers serving with a university-based student food recovery program, which works to distribute unserved and unsold food from on-campus dining centers, were observed improperly washing their hands, inconsistently keeping records, and using unclean or otherwise contaminated equipment. These behaviors could be addressed through rolespecific education representing their unique operations. Virginia Cooperative Extension (VCE) educators were used as a case study to measure their experiences when supporting food recovery, with 41% of respondents having previously supporting an organization or program. Topics covered ranged from safe food handling, network leadership, financial planning, and farming/gardening. VCE educators expressed a sense of altruism when supporting food recovery organizations, but also experienced challenges such as not having enough time to fully engage or the organization not having adequate equipment to enact their support. VCE educators who had not previously supported these organizations expressed wanting to learn more about food recovery work and how VCE can support them. Employees of food banks believe current food safety education could be improved by offering role-specific information in customizable formats so the food handlers can translate their knowledge into action. Future education should also focus on problemsolving, so food handlers feel empowered to react to expected challenges. Lastly, to account for challenges experienced while conducting this research, future projects within the context of food recovery should consider the limited time available of potential participants, offer compensation for their participation, and maximize pre-existing networks when connecting with them.
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    Food Safety for Small Vegetable Farmers, Publications Contributing to the Success of Virginia Small Vegetable Farmers through the Lens of Food Safety Practices
    Long, Frank (Virginia Tech, 2024-04-29)
    Limited educational food safety publications are available for small vegetable farmers and extension personnel seeking information on the exemptions from FSMA regulations and the Produce Safety Rule, along with voluntary practices and food safety practices. Research was conducted to construct three educational publications focused on the Best Management Practices and Good Agricultural Practices, vegetable washing stations, handwashing stations, and sanitizing practices. These educational publications are for distribution within the Virginia Cooperative Extension System and for use by Cooperative Extension Agents, Specialists, and growers who need to educate themselves or others on the basics of on-farm food safety needs and practices. This report serves (1) small and beginning vegetable farmers in the realm of food safety, (2) provide Virginia ANR Extension agents with publications to help them explain the intricacies of vegetable food safety on the farm, and (3) help with educating Virginia stakeholders to the intricacies of on-farm vegetable food safety practices.
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    How to Write a Recipe
    Rafie, Carlin; Schonberger, H. Lester; Chase, Melissa W. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2021-02-01)
    Whether sharing a recipe with family and friends or using it in a classroom setting or professional publication, knowing how to write a clear, concise, easy-to-follow recipe is an important skill. It takes creativity and practice to develop a delicious and wholesome dish. Writing a recipe so others can duplicate your results successfully, time after time, requires adhering to specific guidelines and a set of rules.
  • Revitalizing the Future of Food Safety Extension
    Arnold, Nicole L.; Schonberger, H. Lester; Ferelli, Angela; Murphy, Sarah I.; Yang, Lily L. (International Association for Food Protection, 2022-05-02)
    Originally established to address agricultural needs by applying research and education in U.S. communities, the Cooperative Extension System (CES) has become increasingly involved in food safety through the supply chain. CES plays an integral role in food safety through consumer education, food employee training, regulatory guidance, and agricultural education for youth and students. CES food safety efforts have evolved to respond to current events and evolving public needs; subsequently, CES personnel communicated a myriad of challenges, including overextension within their roles, dwindling financial support, and pedagogical shifts. As a result, CES personnel have opted for creative, innovative, and timely solutions that can be harnessed by others with ties to CES. This article is based on a roundtable with Extension experts on “Revitalizing the Future of Food Safety Extension,” held at the 2019 International Association for Food Protection Annual Meeting detailing this imperative. This article serves as (i) a consolidated framework resource for educational purposes, (ii) an invitation to collaborate with food safety CES personnel, and (iii) a call for support and advocacy for CES and those within it. It also highlights the value and impact CES has, and will continue to have, in making food safer and more equitable.