Browsing by Author "Sobhany, Maryam Saffaripour"

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    Creativity quotient: a statistical instrument for combining cognitive and personality components of creative thinking
    Sobhany, Maryam Saffaripour (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985)
    Creative thinking is a multi-faceted trait. It encompasses a constellation of intellectual abilities and personality characteristics. In this study cognitive and personality components of creative thinking were included in an instrument. From the relevant literature the most important cognitive components in order of importance were problem finding, original problem solving, general problem solving, knowledge, and attentiveness to detail. Lack of conformity was suggested to be the most important personality component. Measures of these components of creative thinking were developed. Data were obtained by interviewing 110 third-grade children (M = 8.9 yrs), from which 80 sets were randomly selected to develop a scoring scheme. The scoring scheme was utilized to derive a statistical equation to quantify creative thinking for each individual. To ascertain the reliability and consistency of the developed scoring scheme, the author and two graduate students independently scored the remaining data (30 sets). The coefficient of variability for the three groups of scores were computed by means of pooled estimate of variance. This quantity was found to be .02 which is remarkably small. The relative contribution of each component to creative thinking and the interrelationship between them have been discussed. whether problem finding and problem solving are two separate cognitive processes was also discussed.
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    External responsiveness to food and nonfood items among obese and nonobese children of two ages
    Sobhany, Maryam Saffaripour (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1983)
    External responsiveness to food and non-food cues was studied among 306 obese and nonobese boys and girls ranging in age from 42 to 156 months. These subjects viewed 5 food and 5 non-food items and stated a preference between an immediate smaller and a delayed larger choice. When presented with food items, obese subjects were less able than the nonobese to delay an immediate smaller gratification to maximize reward magnitude. No significant differences were found between obese and nonobese children regarding nonfood delay choices. These findings are discussed in terms of ontogeny of externality, the cause of some forms of obesity. A significant age difference indicated that preschool children preferred more immediate gratification than did school children. This age difference is consistent with research on delay of gratification using a choice paradigm.