Browsing by Author "Spence, Jessica R."

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    Speaking for themselves: The importance of enabling Ugandan women to share their story through photography and community dialogue
    Spence, Jessica R. (Virginia Tech, 2023-03-16)
    “Agriculture is the backbone of the country,” is a commonly heard phrase in Uganda. With agriculture making up nearly a quarter of Uganda’s GDP, and nearly 70 percent of the country’s population working in this sector, this is true. However, the muscle operating said backbone is exercised daily by Ugandan women. Not only do significantly more women work in the agriculture sector than men in Uganda, but women’s contribution is also typically under-estimated and under-appreciated. Usually charged with child-rearing, home-keeping, cooking, and a host of other responsibilities, women often take charge of the farm and garden in smallholder farming families. In addition to these unbalanced and gendered responsibilities, women do not often retain financial control over the money earned from their labor and suffer from physical and emotional abuse from their male counterparts. There is increasing awareness of, and efforts to end, the vast disparities women face within this sector, namely the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal No. 5, Gender Equality. This lecture will focus on the independence and self-identity women agriculturalists have as farmers, and how that identity, coupled with their responsibilities to their families, make them a unique and strong powerhouse for agricultural development and social change. Through photovoice methodology, groups of women living in two different communities in Uganda allowed a researcher to conduct a study aimed at delving into their lives as women agriculture producers, and specifically the changes they face in agriculture due to their gender. A surprising phenomenon occurred within this study, wherein all participants decided to take self-portraits of themselves as part of their photovoice. The study resulted in themes that supported these harsh realities, including technical challenges, patriarchal society, physical fatigue, and varied agriculture practices, but also, through their self-portraits, gave evidence of self-identity and independence as “women farmers.” The personal identity and independence felt by these women provide evidence of the responsibility felt towards their family, children, and duties as a farmer.
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    A Systems Thinking Approach to Eliminating Rural-Urban Youth Out-Migration and its Effect on the Agricultural Sector in Nigeria
    Oyedare, Israel; Kaufman, Eric K.; Ojo, Emmanuel O.; Spence, Jessica R. (2024-04-24)
    The purpose of this presentation is to outline a systems thinking approach, in the form of an agricultural capacity building program for youth, that has the potential to eliminate the problem of rural outmigration in Nigeria and countries experiencing similar issues. The objectives are to: Help the audience understand the importance of systems thinking in tackling rural out-migration. Provide insights on the planning and implementation of agricultural capacity building programs for youth. Provide insights about humanistic learning theory.