Browsing by Author "Suleman, Hussein"
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- Beyond Harvesting: Digital Library Components as OAI ExtensionsSuleman, Hussein; Fox, Edward A. (Department of Computer Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, 2002)Reusability always has been a controversial topic in Digital Library (DL) design. While componentization has gained momentum in software engineering in general, there has not yet been broad DL standardization in component interfaces. Recently, the Open Archives Initiative (OAI) has begun to address this by creating a standard protocol for accessing metadata archives. It is proposed that this protocol be extended to act as the glue that binds together various components of a typical DL. In order to test the feasibility of this approach, a set of protocol extensions was created, implemented, and integrated as components of production and research DLs. The performance of these components was analyzed from the perspective of execution speed, network traffic, and data consistency. On the whole, this work has simultaneously revealed the feasibility of such OAI extensions for component interaction, and has identified aspects of the OAI protocol that constrain such extensions.
- Building Digital Libraries from Simple Building BlocksSuleman, Hussein; Fox, Edward A.; Krowne, Aaron; Luo, Ming; Kelapure, Rohit (Department of Computer Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, 2003)Metadata harvesting has been established by the Open Archives Initiative (OAI) as a viable mechanism for connecting a provider of data to a purveyor of services. The Open Digital Library (ODL) model is an emerging framework which attempts to break up the services into appropriate components based also on the basic philosophy of the OAI model. This framework has been applied to various projects and evaluated for its simplicity, extensibility and reusability to support the hypothesis that digital libraries (DLs) should be built from simple Web Service-like components instead of as monolithic software applications.
- Building Digital Libraries Made Easy: Toward Open Digital LibrariesFox, Edward A.; Suleman, Hussein; Luo, Ming (2002)Digital libraries (DLs) promote a sharing culture among those who contribute and those who use resources. This same approach works when building Open Digital Libraries (ODLs). Leveraging the intellectual and practical investment made in the Open Archives Initiative through an eXtended Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (XPMH), one can build lightweight protocols to tie together key components that together make up the core of a DL. DL developers in various settings have learned how to apply this framework in a few hours. The ODL approach has been effective with the Computer Science Teaching Center (www.cstc.org), the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (www.ndltd.org), and AmericanSouth.org. Hence, to support our Computing and Information Technology Interactive Digital Educational Library (www.citidel.org) and to provide a generic capability for other parts of the US National Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education Digital Library (www.nsdl.org), we are developing a "DL-in-a-box" toolkit. When lightweight protocols, pools of components, and open standard reference mod-els are combined carefully, as suggested in the OCKHAM discussions, both the DL user and developer communities can benefit from the principle of sharing.
- Building Interoperable Digital Libraries: A Practical Guide to Creating Open ArchivesSuleman, Hussein (2001)This presentation discusses the development of the Open Archives Initiative (OAI), metadata harvesting, digital library interoperability, the National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD), and more.
- Building Interoperable Digital Libraries: A Practical Guide to Creating Open ArchivesSuleman, Hussein (2002)This presentation focuses on the system architecture and history of the Open Archives Initiative (OAI). It discusses OAI case studies and the requirements to be an OAI data provider.
- Enforcing Interoperability with the Open Archives Initiative Repository ExplorerSuleman, Hussein (2001-06-24)This presentation gives an overview of the Open Archives Initiative (OAI), protocol validation procedures, interactive browsing, and the OAI repository explorer tool.
- A Framework for Building Open Digital LibrariesSuleman, Hussein; Fox, Edward A. (Corporation for National Research Initiatives, 2001-12-01)Digital libraries (DLs) have traditionally been positioned at the intersection of library science, computer science, and networked information systems. The different underlying philosophies of these three fields has had an unsettling influence on the development of DLs. While library science is fairly mature, networked information systems are constantly evolving to keep pace with Internet innovation. DLs are thus expected to demonstrate the careful management of libraries while supporting standards that evolve at an astonishing pace. This architectural moving target is a predicament that all DLs face sooner or later in their lifecycle, and one that few manage to deal with effectively. To exacerbate this problem, there has been a general desire for systems to be interoperable at the levels of data exchange and service collaboration. Such interoperability requirements necessitated the development of standards such as the Dublin Core Metadata Element Set and the Open Archives Initiative's Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH). These standards have achieved a degree of success in the DL community largely because of their generality and simplicity. Informed by those lessons, this project is an attempt to consistently extend known interoperability standards to form the basis of a framework of components for building extensible DLs.
- Genetic Programming in MathematicaSuleman, Hussein (University of Durban-Westville, 1997-01)GP has traditionally been implemented in LISP but there is a slow migration towards faster languages like C++. Any implementation language is dictated not only by the speed of the platform but also by the desirability of such an implementation. With a large number of scientists migrating to scientifically-biased programming languages like Mathematica, such provides an ideal testbed for GP.In this study it was attempted to implement GP on a Mathematica platform, exploiting the advantages of Mathematica's unique capabilities. Wherever possible, optimizations have been applied to drive the GP algorithm towards realistic goals. At an early stage it was noted that the standard GP algorithm could be significantly speeded up by parallelisation and the distribution of processing. This was incorporated into the algorithm, using known techniques and Mathematica-specific knowledge.
- Introduction to the OAI Metadata Harvesting ProtocolSuleman, Hussein (2001-09-13)This presentation describes the OAI-MHP (Open Archives Initiative - Metadata Harvesting Protocol), federated library services and searching, and other digital library tools and protocols.
- Introduction to the OAI Protocol for Metadata Harvesting Version 2.0Suleman, Hussein (2002-03-25)This presentation provides an overview of version 2 of the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH). It discusses new OAI-PMH features such as single schema, ListIdentifier changes, and improved granularity of harvesting.
- Introduction to the OAI Protocol for Metadata Harvesting, Version 2.0Suleman, Hussein (2002-06-17)This presentation provides an overview of version 2 of the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH). It discusses new OAI-PMH features such as single schema, ListIdentifier changes, and improved granularity of harvesting.
- Multiple Metadata / Best Metadata ReturnSuleman, Hussein; Nelson, Michael (2001-10-19)The OAI protocol currently supports a simple mapping of metadata names to metadata formats, whereby a metadata record can be requested for exactly one record in exactly one format in a single GetRecord request. In the case of ListRecords, all records within a set and/or date range may be requested but there is still the restriction of a single metadata format. This is usually sufficient for simple harvesting with the intention of transferring a stream of metadata records from the source archive to a service provider. However, in some cases, it may be desirable to obtain the most complete metadata format or a set of metadata formats for an identifier. In order to accomplish this it is currently necessary to submit multiple requests with different parameters and this is not most efficient.
- OAI and ODL: Building Digital Libraries from ComponentsSuleman, Hussein (2002-09-12)This presentation instructs users how to build digital libraries from components, which is the fundamental concept behind DLbox. It was written for graduate computer science classes at Virginia Tech and fits into a 50-minute time period. Although it was developed for computer science graduate students, it is only minimally technical and can be useful to students from various disciplines.
- OAI/ODL Component Composition ExerciseSuleman, Hussein (2002-09-01)This exercise is a hands-on introduction to building digital libraries from components. It is a good introduction for individuals with modest Unix skills, and it reviews the process of using DLbox to create a working digital library.
- Open Archives InitiativeSuleman, Hussein (2002-06-14)This presentation describes the Open Archives Initiative, the protocol for metadata harvesting (OAI-PMH), OAI and ODL open source software, installation of XML software, installation of harvesters, IRDBs, and IRDB user interfaces.
- The Open Archives Initiative: Realizing Simple and Effective Digital Library InteroperabilitySuleman, Hussein; Fox, Edward A. (2001-03-01)The Open Archives Initiative (OAI) is dedicated to solving problems of digital library interoperability. Its focus has been on defining simple protocols, most recently for the exchange of metadata from archives. The OAI evolved out of a need to increase access to scholarly publications by supporting the creation of interoperable digital libraries. As a first step towards such interoperability, a metadata harvesting protocol was developed to support the streaming of metadata from one repository to another, ultimately to a provider of user services such as browsing, searching, or annotation. This article provides an overview of the mission, philosophy, and technical framework of the OAI.
- Open Archives Work at Virginia TechSuleman, Hussein (2000-06-01)This presentation describes the Open Archives Initiative, projects such as the Computer Science Teaching Center and the National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD), the MARIAN catalog, and the organizational and technical issues associated with open archiving.
- Open Archiving @ Virginia TechSuleman, Hussein (2001-01-23)This presentation discusses why Virginia Tech is involved in the Open Archives Initiative (OAI), as well as OAI compliance, OAI technical requirements, and more.
- Open Digital LibrariesSuleman, Hussein (Virginia Tech, 2002-11-19)Digital Libraries (DLs) are software systems specifically designed to assist users in information seeking activities. Stemming from the intersection of library sciences and computer networking, traditional DL systems impose library philosophies of structure and management on the sprawling collections of data that are made possible through the Internet. DLs evolve to keep pace with innovation on the Internet so there is little standardization in the architecture of such systems. However, in attempting to provide users with the highest possible levels of service with the minimum possible effort, many systems work collaboratively with others, e.g., meta-search engines. This type of system interoperability is encouraged by the emergence of simple data transfer protocols such as the Open Archives Initiative?s Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH). Open Digital Libraries are an extension of the work of the OAI. It is proposed in this dissertation that the philosophy and approach adopted by the OAI can easily be extended to support inter-component interaction within a componentized DL. In particular, DLs can be built by connecting small components that communicate through a family of lightweight protocols, using XML as the data interchange mechanism. In order to test the feasibility of this, a set of protocols was designed based on a generalization of the work of the OAI. Components adhering to these protocols were implemented and integrated into production and research DLs. These systems were then evaluated for simplicity, reusability, and performance. On the whole, this study has shown promise in the approach of applying the fundamental concepts of the OAI protocol to the task of DL component design and implementation. Further, it has shown the feasibility of building componentized DL systems using techniques that are a precursor to the Web Services approach to system design.
- Set OrthogonalitySuleman, Hussein; Zubair, Mohammad (2001-10-19)There is no way to determine all the sets that an identifier belongs to. This is typically referred to as set orthogonality because the protocol allows a harvester to find out which identifiers belong to a particular set but not vice versa. This is not as much of a problem for a flat space of archives, but organizations like NDLTD and NCSTRL have already started to create hierarchical catalogs based on OAI and existing set information is lost at the very first level. Also, the Internet2 Distributed Storage Initiative wants to work on replication of OAs - this will mean harvesting every set and dealing with duplicates. Can we do this in a way that is more efficient without adding to the complexity?