Browsing by Author "Swanson, Carrie A."
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- Effects of Diet and Probiotic Supplementation on Stress during Weaning in Thoroughbred FoalsSwanson, Carrie A. (Virginia Tech, 2002-08-23)This study investigated effects of diet and probiotic supplement on stress in Thoroughbred foals at weaning. Twenty foals, whose dams were paired by age and breeding date, then randomly assigned to one of two diets prior to parturition, were used. Two groups were maintained on mixed grass pastures and fed supplements, one high in sugar and starch (SS) and one high in fat and fiber (FF) that met or exceeded NRC requirements. Half the foals on each diet were fed a commercial probiotic (Probios) containing lactic acid bacteria, while the rest were given a placebo. Plasma, fecal samples and behavioral ethograms were collected for four days pre- and post-weaning, and an ACTH response test was administered 48 h post-weaning. Cortisol, lactate, IgG, IgA and a-tocopherol were analyzed in plasma, volatile fatty acids and pH in feces. Foals fed FF had higher concentrations of IgA (P = 0.006), IgG (P = 0.012) and a-tocopherol (P = 0.005). Butyric and valeric acid concentrations were higher in feces of SS but not FF foals (P = 0.052), which may reflect better adaptation to forage in FF foals. Foals supplemented with probiotic had higher fecal lactate (P = 0.002) and lower fecal acetate (P = 0.0003) concentrations, suggesting that the lactic acid bacteria survived to the hindgut. Probiotic supplementation did not appear to benefit foals at weaning. Supplementation with FF may improve immune status and encourage a more diverse intestinal microbial population, enabling foals to better cope with the physiological stresses of weaning.
- Equine Boarding Operations in Northern Virginia 2008 Survey ResultsPorr, C. A. Shea; Childs, Corey; Swanson, Carrie A. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2008)Results of a 2008 survey on boarding operations in Northern Virginia.
- Evaluation of Household Water Quality in Albemarle and Fluvanna Counties, Virginia, March-May 2009Benham, Brian L.; Ling, Erin; Swanson, Carrie A.; Warren, Peter; Davis, Jillian; Thompson, John; Pollard, Jen; Forrester, Scott (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2010-11-12)In March 2009, 142 residents of Albemarle County and 15 residents of Fluvanna County participated in a drinking water clinic sponsored by the local Virginia Cooperative Extension (VCE) office and the Virginia Household Water Quality Program.
- Graze 300 VAStafford, Carl; Clark, R. A.; Fike, John H.; Swanson, Carrie A.; Childs, Corey; Fiske, D. A.; Mize, T. A. (2017-07-09)More than 50% of cow/calf production costs are found in winter feeding expenses in Virginia Extension budgets. To improve profitability while also improving water quality, beef cow/calf producers can reduce their reliance upon hay feeding by adding additional days of grazing during the winter dormant season. Graze 300 VA is an educational initiative designed to address this issue and its significant potential for economic impact. Presently, a small group of producers in Virginia’s Northern Piedmont and Northern Shenandoah Valley, regularly approach or achieve a 300-day grazing season. They extend their grazing season through adjustments in stocking rate and adjustments in pasture management. Having accomplished these needed changes, participants realize a 50% reduction in feed costs for each day of grazing added and a corresponding improvement in net revenue. The potential for additional net can be as high as $200 per calf sold when winter grazing is fully maximized. With over 96,000 beef cows in the Northern Shenandoah Valley and Northern Piedmont of Virginia, if 20% of the farmers (19,000 cows) improve economics by $100 per head per year, the benefit would be $1.9 million. Extending the grazing season will benefit water quality through improved water infiltration, improved nutrient use efficiency, fewer barren areas in fields from winter feeding sites, and improved soil organic matter. The Chesapeake Bay TMDL gives nutrient and sediment credit for every acre of pasture converted into a grazing management system and every foot of stream bank where livestock are excluded.
- Graze 300 VALayton-Dudding, Jeannie; Mize, T. A.; Fike, John H.; Clark, R. A.; Brown, Carl A.; Swanson, Carrie A.; Fiske, David A.; Childs, Corey (2018-09-12)More than 50% of cow/calf production costs are found in winter feeding expenses in Virginia Extension budgets. To improve profitability while also improving water quality, beef cow/calf producers can reduce their reliance upon hay feeding by adding additional days of grazing during the winter dormant season. Graze 300 VA is an educational initiative designed to address this issue and its significant potential for economic impact. Presently, a small group of producers in Virginia’s Northern Piedmont and Northern Shenandoah Valley, regularly approach or achieve a 300-day grazing season. They extend their grazing season through adjustments in stocking rate and adjustments in pasture management. Having accomplished these needed changes, participants realize a 50% reduction in feed costs for each day of grazing added and a corresponding improvement in net revenue. The potential for additional net can be as high as $200 per calf sold when winter grazing is fully maximized. With over 96,000 beef cows in the Northern Shenandoah Valley and Northern Piedmont of Virginia, if 20% of the farmers (19,000 cows) improve economics by $100 per head per year, the benefit would be $1.9 million. Extending the grazing season will benefit water quality through improved water infiltration, improved nutrient use efficiency, fewer barren areas in fields from winter feeding sites, and improved soil organic matter. The Chesapeake Bay TMDL gives nutrient and sediment credit for every acre of pasture converted into a grazing management system and every foot of stream bank where livestock are excluded.
- Horse Manure ManagementSmith, Crystal; Swanson, Carrie A. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2009-05-01)Educates horse owners on the effective management of horse manure.
- Horses are FunCrisman, Celeste C.; Swanson, Carrie A.; McNeel, Elizabeth; McCarty, Jessica (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2016-02-03)A Virginia 4-H project unit used to teach youth about the physical characteristics of horses, horse health and upkeep, required equipment, the basics of riding a horse, and how to obtain use of a horse.
- Survival Guide for 4-H Horse LeadersDurbin, Bertha; Crisman, Celeste C.; Swanson, Carrie A. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2008)A guidebook for leaders of 4-H horse projects. Includes a general overview of 4-H.
- Virginia 4-H Horse Project Junior Record BookMallory, Kelly; Coppedge, Kaci; Estienne, Cynthia Elizabeth, 1963-; Williams, Mary Elizabeth; Dailey, Jocelyn; Prillaman, Leslie; Swanson, Carrie A.; Durbin, Bertha; Turner, Sandra; Wahlberg, Mark L.; Crisman, Celeste C.; Winston, David R. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2007)Record book for the 4-H horse project.
- Virginia 4-H Horse Project Junior Record BookMallory, Kelly; Coppedge, Kaci; Estienne, Cynthia Elizabeth, 1963-; Williams, Mary Elizabeth; Dailey, Jocelyn; Leech, Sam; Estep, Cornelia; Prillaman, Leslie; Swanson, Carrie A.; Durbin, Bertha; Wilson, Janine; Turner, Sandra; Wahlberg, Mark L.; Crisman, Celeste C.; Arnold, Sandy (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2017-10-05)Record book for 4-H horse project.
- Virginia 4-H Horse Project Senior Record BookMallory, Kelly; Coppedge, Kaci; Estienne, Cynthia Elizabeth, 1963-; Williams, Mary Elizabeth; Dailey, Jocelyn; Prillaman, Leslie; Swanson, Carrie A.; Durbin, Bertha; Turner, Sandra; Wahlberg, Mark L.; Crisman, Celeste C.; Winston, David R. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2007)Record book for the 4-H horse project.
- Virginia 4-H Horse Project Senior Record BookMallory, Kelly; Coppedge, Kaci; Estienne, Cynthia Elizabeth, 1963-; Williams, Mary Elizabeth; Dailey, Jocelyn; Leech, Sam; Estep, Cornelia; Prillaman, Leslie; Swanson, Carrie A.; Durbin, Bertha; Wilson, Janine; Williamson, Lindsey; Turner, Sandra; Wahlberg, Mark L.; Crisman, Celeste C. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2017-10-05)Record book for 4-H horse project.
- Virginia 4-H Horse Project, Senior Record BookCoppedge, Kaci; Dailey, Jocelyn; Durbin, Bertha; Estienne, Cynthia Elizabeth, 1963-; Mallory, Kelly; Prillaman, Leslie; Swanson, Carrie A.; Turner, Sandra; Wahlberg, Mark L.; Williams, Mary Elizabeth; Winston, David R. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2018-12-19)Record book for the 4-H horse project.