Browsing by Author "Vitiello, Benedetto"

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    Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Modified for Pervasive Developmental Disorders
    Scahill, Lawrence; McDougle, Christopher J.; Williams, Susan K.; Dimitropoulos, Anastasia; Aman, Michael G.; McCracken, James T.; Tierney, Elaine; Arnold, L. Eugene; Cronin, Pegeen; Grados, Marco; Ghuman, Jaswinder; Koenig, Kathleen; Lam, Kristen S. L.; McGough, James; Josey, David J.; Ritz, Louise; Swiezy, Naomi B.; Vitiello, Benedetto (Elsevier, 2014-01-01)
    Objective: To examine the psychometric properties of the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scales (CYBOCS) modified for pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs). Method: Raters from five Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology (RUPP) Autism Network were trained to reliability. The modified scale (CYBOCS-PDD), which contains only the five Compulsion severity items (range 0-20), was administered to 172 medication-free children (mean 8.2 ± 2.6 years) with POD (autistic disorder, n = 152; Asperger's disorder, n = 6; POD not otherwise specified, n = 14) participating in RUPP clinical trials. Reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and internal consistency by Cronbach's a coefficient. Correlations with ratings of repetitive behavior and disruptive behavior were examined for validity. Results: Eleven raters showed excellent reliability (ICC= 0.97). The mean CYBOCS score was 14.4 (± 3.86) with excellent internal consistency (α = .85). Correlations with other measures of repetitive behavior ranged from r = 0.11 to r = 0.28 and were similar to correlations with measures of irritability (r = 0.24) and hyperactivity (r = 0.25). Children with higher scores on the CYBOCS-PDD had higher levels of maladaptive behaviors and lower adaptive functioning. Conclusions: The five- item CYBOCS-PDD is reliable, distinct from other measures of repetitive behavior, and sensitive to change.
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    Psychiatric Disorders and Drug Use Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Adults in the United States
    Bing, Eric G.; Burnam, M. Audrey; Longshore, Douglas; Fleishman, John A.; Sherbourne, Cathy Donald; London, Andrew S.; Turner, Barbara J.; Eggan, Ferd; Beckman, Robin; Vitiello, Benedetto; Morton, Sally C.; Orlando, Maria; Bozzette, Samuel A.; Ortiz-Barron, Lucila; Shapiro, Martin F. (AMA, 2001-08)
    Background: There have been no previous nationally representative estimates of the prevalence of mental disorders and drug use among adults receiving care for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease in the United States. It is also not known which clinical and sociodemographic factors are associated with these disorders. Subjects and Methods: We enrolled a nationally representative probability sample of 2864 adults receiving care for HIV in the United States in 1996. Participants were administered a brief structured psychiatric instrument that screened for psychiatric disorders (major depression, dysthymia, generalized anxiety disorders, and panic attacks) and drug use during the previous 12 months. Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with screening positive for any psychiatric disorder and drug dependence were examined in multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: Nearly half of the sample screened positive for a psychiatric disorder, nearly 40% reported using an illicit drug other than marijuana, and more than 12% screened positive for drug dependence during the previous 12 months. Factors independently associated with screening positive for a psychiatric disorder included number of HIV-related symptoms, illicit drug use, drug dependence, heavy alcohol use, and being unemployed or disabled. Factors independently associated with screening positive for drug dependence included having many HIV-related symptoms, being younger, being heterosexual, having frequent heavy alcohol use, and screening positive for a psychiatric disorder. Conclusions: Many people infected with HIV may also have psychiatric and/or drug dependence disorders. Clinicians may need to actively identify those at risk and work with policymakers to ensure the availability of appropriate care for these treatable disorders.
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    Use of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Treatment Services Among Adults With HIV in the United States
    Burnam, M. Audrey; Bing, Eric G.; Morton, Sally C.; Sherbourne, Cathy Donald; Fleishman, John A.; London, Andrew S.; Vitiello, Benedetto; Stein, Michael; Bozzette, Samuel A.; Shapiro, Martin F. (AMA, 2001-08)
    Background: The need for mental health and substance abuse services is great among those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but little information is available on services used by this population or on individual factors associated with access to care. Methods: Data are from the HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study, a national probability survey of 2864 HIV-infected adults receiving medical care in the United States in 1996. We estimated 6-month use of services for mental health and substance abuse problems and examined socioeconomic, HIV illness, and regional factors associated with use. Results: We estimated that 61.4% of 231 400 adults under care for HIV used mental health or substance abuse services: 1.8% had hospitalizations, 3.4% received residential substance abuse treatment, 26.0% made individual mental health specialty visits, 15.2% had group mental health treatment, 40.3% discussed emotional problems with medical providers, 29.6% took psychotherapeutic medications, 5.6% received outpatient substance abuse treatment, and 12.4% participated in substance abuse self-help groups. Socioeconomic factors commonly associated with poorer access to health services predicted lower likelihood of using mental health outpatient care, but greater likelihood of receiving substance abuse treatment services. Those with less severe HIV illness were less likely to access services. Persons living in the Northeast were more likely to receive services. Conclusions: The magnitude of mental health and substance abuse care provided to those with known HIV infection is substantial, and challenges to providers should be recognized. Inequalities in access to care are evident, but differ among general medical, specialty mental health, and substance abuse treatment sectors.