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Browsing by Author "Wang, Hezhong"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    Chitosan-Cellulose Nanocrystal Polyelectrolyte Complex Particles: Preparation, Characterization, and In Vitro Drug Release Properties
    Wang, Hezhong (Virginia Tech, 2009-10-22)
    Polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) between chitosan, a mucoadhesive, intestinal mucosal permeability-enhancing polysaccharide, and cellulose nanocrystals, rod-like cellulose nanoparticles with sulfate groups on their surface, have potential applications in oral drug delivery. The purpose of this research was to develop an understanding of the formation and properties of chitosan–cellulose nanocrystal PECs and determine their in vitro drug release properties, using caffeine and ibuprofen as model drugs. Cellulose nanocrystals were prepared by sulfuric acid hydrolysis of bleached wood pulp. Chitosans with three different molecular weights (81, 3·103, 6·103 kDa) and four different degrees of deacetylation (77, 80, 85, 89%) were used. PEC formation was studied by turbidimetric titration. PEC particles were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and laser Doppler electrophoresis. The formation and properties of chitosan–cellulose nanocrystal PEC particles were governed by the strong mismatch in the densities of the ionizable groups. The particles were composed primarily of cellulose nanocrystals. Particle shape and size strongly depended on the mixing ratio and pH of the surrounding medium. The ionic strength of the surrounding medium, and the molecular weight and degree of deacetylation of chitosan had a minor effect. Release of caffeine from the chitosan–cellulose nanocrystal PEC particles was rapid and uncontrolled. Ibuprofen-loaded PEC particles showed no release in simulated gastric fluid and rapid release in simulated intestinal fluid. Further evaluation studies should focus on the expected mucoadhesive and permeability-enhancing properties of chitosan–cellulose nanocrystal PEC particles.
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    Effects of Chitosan Molecular Weight and Degree of Deacetylation on Chitosan-Cellulose Nanocrystal Complexes and Their Formation
    Wang, Hezhong; Roman, Maren (MDPI, 2023-01-31)
    This study was conducted to determine the effects of chitosan molecular weight and degree of deacetylation (DD) on chitosan–cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) polyelectrolyte–macroion complexes (PMCs) and their formation. Chitosan samples with three different molecular weights (81, 3 · 103, 6 · 103 kDa) and four different DDs (77, 80, 85, 89%) were used. The effects on PMC formation were determined by turbidimetric titration. An effect of the molecular weight of chitosan was not observed in turbidimetric titrations. Turbidity levels were higher for CNCs with lower sulfate group density and larger hydrodynamic diameter than for CNCs with higher sulfate group density and smaller hydrodynamic diameter. Conversely, turbidity levels were higher for chitosans with higher DD (higher charge density) than for chitosans with lower DD (lower charge density). PMC particles from chitosans with different molecular weights were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, laser Doppler electrophoresis, and dynamic light scattering. PMCs from high-molecular-weight chitosan were more spherical and those from medium-molecular-weight chitosan had a slightly larger hydrodynamic diameter than PMCs from the respective other two chitosans. The molecular weight of the chitosan was concluded to have no effect on the formation of chitosan–CNC PMC particles and only a minor effect on the shape and size of the particles. The higher turbidity levels for CNCs with lower sulfate group density and larger hydrodynamic diameter and for chitosans with higher DD were attributed to a larger number of CNCs being required for charge compensation.
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    Quantitative Genetic Background of the Host Influences Gut Microbiomes in Chickens
    Zhao, Lele; Wang, Gang; Siegel, Paul B.; He, Chuan; Wang, Hezhong; Zhao, Wenjing; Zhai, Zhengxiao; Tian, Fengwei; Zhao, Jianxin; Zhang, Hao; Sun, Zikui; Chen, Wei; Zhang, Yan; Meng, He (Nature Publishing Group, 2013-01)
    Host genotype and gender are among the factors that influence the composition of gut microbiota. We studied the population structure of gut microbiota in two lines of chickens maintained under the same husbandry and dietary regimes. The lines, which originated from a common founder population, had undergone 54 generations of selection for high (HW) or low (LW) 56-day body weight, and now differ by more than 10-fold in body weight at selection age. Of 190 microbiome species, 68 were affected by genotype (line), gender, and genotype by gender interactions. Fifteen of the 68 species belong to Lactobacillus. Species affected by genotype, gender, and the genotype by gender interaction, were 29, 48, and 12, respectively. Species affected by gender were 30 and 17 in the HW and LW lines, respectively. Thus, under a common diet and husbandry host quantitative genotype and gender influenced gut microbiota composite.