Browsing by Author "Williams, Glen M."

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    Separation of Intrinsic and extrinsic Optical-Absorption in a Fluoride Glass
    Jewell, J. M.; Williams, Glen M.; Jaganathan, J.; Aggarwal, I. D.; Greason, P. (AIP Publishing, 1991-07-01)
    The contribution of impurity ions to the total optical absorption of a heavy metal fluoride glass has been determined at 532 and 1064 nm. Four ZrF4-BaF2-LaF3-AlF3-NaF glasses were prepared from various purity raw materials. The absorption coefficients of these glasses range from 0.92 to 45.4 x 10(-4) cm-1 at 1064 nm and from 7.43 to 11.1 X 10(-4) cm-1 at 532 nm as determined by laser calorimetry. The concentrations of Fe, Ni, Cu, and Co ions in each glass were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. These two measurements enable the absorption, due to transition metal ions to be differentiated from the intrinsic absorption of the glass. At 1064 nm, the absorption coefficient of these glasses is controlled entirely by the transition metal ion content. However, at 532 nm, the absorption by the transition metal ions accounts for 4-42% of the total absorption depending on impurity concentration. The intrinsic absorption of this fluoride glass calculated from these data at 532 nm is (7.69 +/- 0.99) X 10(-4) cm-1.
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    Uniform component of index structure induced in Ge-SiO2 fibers by spatially modulated ultraviolet light
    Tsai, Tsung-Ein; Williams, Glen M.; Friebele, E. Joseph (AIP Publishing, 1998-06-01)
    Experimental data are presented to show that Ge(1) and Ge(2) centers are induced by trapping photoinduced electrons from the conduction band, in agreement with our previous proposal that both are trapped electron centers. The spacing (Lambda) dependence of ultraviolet (UV) light bleaching of the pre-existing Ge E' centers illustrates that the electron diffusion length is greater than Lambda of the spatially modulated UV light used in the fabrication of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) with Bragg wavelengths less than or equal to 1.5 mu m (short period grating) for laser powers as low as 25 mJ/cm(2). The Ge(1) and Ge(2) centers are uniformly induced by the spatially modulated UV light and therefore contribute to the uniform component of the index structure of FBGs. [S0003-6951(98)01325-4].