Browsing by Author "Younis, Mustafa Z."

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    Burden of lower respiratory infections in the Eastern Mediterranean Region between 1990 and 2015: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study
    Mokdad, Ali H.; Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar; El Bcheraoui, Charbel; Charara, Raghid; Khalil, Ibrahim; Afshin, Ashkan; Kassebaum, Nicholas J.; Collison, Michael; Daoud, Farah; Chew, Adrienne; Krohn, Kristopher J.; Colombara, Danny; Ehrenkranz, Rebecca; Foreman, Kyle J.; Frostad, Joseph; Godwin, William W.; Kutz, Michael; Rao, Puja C.; Reiner, Robert; Troeger, Christopher; Wang, Haidong; Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu; Abbas, Kaja M.; Abera, Semaw Ferede; Abu-Raddad, Laith J.; Adane, Kelemework; Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad; Ahmadi, Alireza; Beshir, Muktar; Al-Eyadhy, Ayman; Alam, Khurshid; Alam, Noore; Alasfoor, Deena; Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza; Al-Maskari, Fatma; Al-Raddadi, Rajaa; Alsharif, Ubai; Altirkawi, Khalid A.; Anber, Nahla; Ansari, Hossein; Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.; Anwari, Palwasha; Asayesh, Hamid; Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal; Atey, Tesfay Mehari; Arthur, Euripide Frinel G.; Bacha, Umar; Barac, Aleksandra; Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad; Drew, Charles R.; Geffen, David; Bedi, Neeraj; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Michael, Brauer; Butt, Zahid A.; Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A.; Danawi, Hadi; Djalalinia, Shirin; Endries, Aman Yesuf; Eshrati, Babak; Farvid, Maryam S.; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad; Fischer, Florian; Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L.; Gebrehiwot, Kiros Tedla; Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde; Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa; Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi; Hambisa, Mitiku Teshome; Hamidi, Samer; Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh; Hedayati, Mohammad T.; Horita, Nobuyuki; Husseini, Abdullatif; Spencer, Lewis James; Javanbakht, Mehdi; Jonas, Jost B.; Kasaeian, Amir; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khan, Ejaz Ahmad; Khan, Gulfaraz; Khoja, Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah; Khubchandani, Jagdish; Kim, Yun Jin; Kissoon, Niranjan; Larson, Heidi J.; Latif, Asma Abdul; Leshargie, Cheru Tesema; Lunevicius, Raimundas; Abd El Razek, Hassan Magdy; Abd El Razek, Mohammed Magdy; Majdzadeh, Reza; Majeed, Azeem; Malekzadeh, Reza; Farid, Habibolah Masoudi; Mehari, Alem; Memish, Ziad A.; Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese; Mensah, George A.; Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane; Nakamura, Sachiko; Oren, Eyal; Pourmalek, Farshad; Qorbani, Mostafa; Radfar, Amir; Rafay, Anwar; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa; Rai, Rajesh Kumar; Rawaf, David Laith; Rawaf, Salman; Refaat, Amany H.; Rezaei, Satar; Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh; Roba, Hirbo Shore; Roshandel, Gholamreza; Safdarian, Mahdi; Safiri, Saeid; Sahraian, Mohammad Ali; Salamati, Payman; Samy, Abdallah M.; Sartorius, Benn; Sepanlou, Sadaf G.; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Shamsizadeh, Morteza; Shigematsu, Mika; Singh, Jasvinder A.; Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale; Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash; Temsah, Mohamad-Hani; Topor-Madry, Roman; Uthman, Olalekan A.; Vollset, Stein Emil; Wakayo, Tolassa; Werdecker, Andrea; Wijeratne, Tissa; Yaghoubi, Mohsen; Yimam, Hassen Hamid; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Younis, Mustafa Z.; Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed; Jumaan, Aisha O.; Vos, Theo; Naghavi, Mohsen; Hay, Simon I.; Murray, Christopher J. L. (2018-05)
    We used data from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study (GBD) to calculate the burden of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) in the 22 countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) from 1990 to 2015. We conducted a systematic analysis of mortality and morbidity data for LRI and its specific etiologic factors, including pneumococcus, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Respiratory syncytial virus, and influenza virus. We used modeling methods to estimate incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). We calculated burden attributable to known risk factors for LRI. In 2015, LRIs were the fourth-leading cause of DALYs, causing 11,098,243 (95% UI 9,857,095-12,396,566) DALYs and 191,114 (95% UI 170,934-210,705) deaths. The LRI DALY rates were higher than global estimates in 2015. The highest and lowest age-standardized rates of DALYs were observed in Somalia and Lebanon, respectively. Undernutrition in childhood and ambient particulate matter air pollution in the elderly were the main risk factors. Our findings call for public health strategies to reduce the level of risk factors in each age group, especially vulnerable child and elderly populations.
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    Child and Adolescent Health From 1990 to 2015: Findings From the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2015 Study.
    Global Burden of Disease Child and Adolescent Health Collaboration; Kassebaum, N.; Kyu, H. H.; Zoeckler, L.; Olsen, H. E.; Thomas, K.; Pinho, C.; Bhutta, Z. A.; Dandona, L.; Ferrari, A.; Ghiwot, T. T.; Hay, Simon I.; Kinfu, Y.; Liang, X.; Lopez, A.; Malta, D. C.; Mokdad, Ali H.; Naghavi, Mohsen; Patton, G. C.; Salomon, J.; Sartorius, Benn; Topor-Madry, Roman; Vollset, S. E.; Werdecker, Andrea; Whiteford, H. A.; Abate, K. H.; Abbas, Kaja M.; Abreha Damtew, S.; Ahmed, M. B.; Akseer, N.; Al-Raddadi, Rajaa; Alemayohu, M. A.; Altirkawi, Khalid A.; Abajobir, A. A.; Amare, A. T.; Antonio, C. A.; Arnlov, J.; Artaman, A.; Asayesh, Hamid; Avokpaho, E. F.; Awasthi, A.; Ayala Quintanilla, B. P.; Bacha, Umar; Balem, D.; Barac, A.; Bärnighausen, T. W.; Baye, E.; Bedi, N.; Bensenor, I. M.; Berhane, Adugnaw; Bernabe, E.; Bernal, O. A.; Beyene, A. S.; Biadgilign, S.; Bikbov, B.; Boyce, C. A.; Brazinova, A.; Hailu, G. B.; Carter, Austin; Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A.; Catalá-López, F.; Charlson, F. J.; Chitheer, A. A.; Choi, J. J.; Ciobanu, L. G.; Crump, J.; Dandona, R.; Dellavalle, R. P.; Deribew, Amare; deVeber, G.; Dicker, D.; Betsu, B. B.; Ding, E. L.; Dubey, M.; Endries, A. Y.; Erskine, H. E.; Faraon, E. J.; Faro, A.; Farzadfar, F.; Fernandes, J. C.; Fijabi, D. O.; Fitzmaurice, C.; Fleming, T. D.; Flor, L. S.; Foreman, Kyle J.; Franklin, R. C.; Fraser, M. S.; Frostad, J. J.; Fullman, N.; Gebregergs, G. B.; Gebru, A. A.; Geleijnse, J. M.; Gibney, K. B.; Gidey Yihdego, M.; Ginawi, I. A.; Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo; Gizachew, T. A.; Glaser, E.; Gold, A. L.; Goldberg, E.; Gona, P.; Goto, A.; Gugnani, H. C.; Jiang, G.; Gupta, Rahul; Tesfay, F. H.; Hankey, G. J.; Havmoeller, R.; Hijar, M.; Horino, M.; Hosgood, H. D.; Hu, G.; Jacobsen, K. H.; Jakovljevic, M. B.; Jayaraman, S. P.; Jha, V.; Jibat, Tariku; Johnson, Catherine O.; Jonas, Jost; Kasaeian, Amir; Kawakami, Norito; Keiyoro, P. N.; Khalil, Ibrahim; Khang, Y. H.; Khubchandani, Jagdish; Ahmad Kiadaliri, A. A.; Kieling, C.; Kim, D.; Kissoon, Niranjan; Knibbs, L. D.; Koyanagi, Ai; Krohn, K. J.; Kuate Defo, B.; Kucuk Bicer, B.; Kulikoff, R.; Kumar, G. A.; Lal, D. K.; Lam, H. Y.; Larson, Heidi J.; Larsson, A.; Laryea, D. O.; Leung, J.; Lim, S. S.; Lo, L. T.; Lo, W. D.; Looker, K. J.; Lotufo, P. A.; Magdy Abd, H.; El Razek; Malekzadeh, Reza; Markos Shifti, D.; Mazidi, M.; Meaney, P. A.; Meles, K. G.; Memiah, Peter; Mendoza, Walter; Abera Mengistie, M.; Mengistu, G. W.; Mensah, G. A.; Miller, Ted R.; Mock, C.; Mohammadi, A.; Mohammed, S.; Monasta, L.; Mueller, U.; Nagata, C.; Naheed, A.; Nguyen, G.; Nguyen, Q. L.; Nsoesie, E.; Oh, I. H.; Okoro, A.; Olusanya, J. O.; Olusanya, B. O.; Ortiz, A.; Paudel, D.; Pereira, David M.; Perico, N.; Petzold, M.; Phillips, M. R.; Polanczyk, G. V.; Pourmalek, Farshad; Qorbani, Mostafa; Rafay, Anwar; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa; Rahman, M.; Rai, R. K.; Ram, U.; Rankin, Z.; Remuzzi, G.; Renzaho, Andre M. N.; Roba, H. S.; Rojas-Rueda, D.; Ronfani, L.; Sagar, R.; Sanabria, J. R.; Kedir Mohammed, M. S.; Santos, I. S.; Satpathy, M.; Sawhney, M.; Schöttker, B.; Schwebel, D. C.; Scott, J. G.; Sepanlou, Sadaf G.; Shaheen, A.; Shaikh, M. A.; She, J.; Shiri, R.; Shiue, I.; Sigfusdottir, I. D.; Singh, J.; Slipakit, N.; Smith, A.; Sreeramareddy, C.; Stanaway, J. D.; Stein, D. J.; Steiner, C.; Sufiyan, M. B.; Swaminathan, S.; Tabarés-Seisdedos, R.; Tabb, K. M.; Tadese, F.; Tavakkoli, M.; Taye, B.; Teeple, S.; Tegegne, T. K.; Temam Shifa, G.; Terkawi, A. S.; Thomas, B.; Thomson, A. J.; Tobe-Gai, R.; Tonelli, Marcello; Tran, Bach Xuan; Troeger, Christopher; Ukwaja, Kingsley N.; Uthman, Olalekan; Vasankari, Tommi; Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy; Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Weintraub, Robert; Gebrehiwot, Solomon Weldemariam; Westerman, Ronny; Williams, Hywel C.; Wolfe, Charles D. A.; Woodbrook, Rachel; Yano, Yuichiro; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Yoon, Seok-Jun; Younis, Mustafa Z.; Yu, Chuanhua; Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed; Zegeye, Elias Asfaw; Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna; Murray, Christopher J. L.; Vos, Theo (2017-04-03)
    Importance: Comprehensive and timely monitoring of disease burden in all age groups, including children and adolescents, is essential for improving population health. Objective: To quantify and describe levels and trends of mortality and nonfatal health outcomes among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2015 to provide a framework for policy discussion. Evidence Review: Cause-specific mortality and nonfatal health outcomes were analyzed for 195 countries and territories by age group, sex, and year from 1990 to 2015 using standardized approaches for data processing and statistical modeling, with subsequent analysis of the findings to describe levels and trends across geography and time among children and adolescents 19 years or younger. A composite indicator of income, education, and fertility was developed (Socio-demographic Index [SDI]) for each geographic unit and year, which evaluates the historical association between SDI and health loss. Findings: Global child and adolescent mortality decreased from 14.18 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 14.09 million to 14.28 million) deaths in 1990 to 7.26 million (95% UI, 7.14 million to 7.39 million) deaths in 2015, but progress has been unevenly distributed. Countries with a lower SDI had a larger proportion of mortality burden (75%) in 2015 than was the case in 1990 (61%). Most deaths in 2015 occurred in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Global trends were driven by reductions in mortality owing to infectious, nutritional, and neonatal disorders, which in the aggregate led to a relative increase in the importance of noncommunicable diseases and injuries in explaining global disease burden. The absolute burden of disability in children and adolescents increased 4.3% (95% UI, 3.1%-5.6%) from 1990 to 2015, with much of the increase owing to population growth and improved survival for children and adolescents to older ages. Other than infectious conditions, many top causes of disability are associated with long-term sequelae of conditions present at birth (eg, neonatal disorders, congenital birth defects, and hemoglobinopathies) and complications of a variety of infections and nutritional deficiencies. Anemia, developmental intellectual disability, hearing loss, epilepsy, and vision loss are important contributors to childhood disability that can arise from multiple causes. Maternal and reproductive health remains a key cause of disease burden in adolescent females, especially in lower-SDI countries. In low-SDI countries, mortality is the primary driver of health loss for children and adolescents, whereas disability predominates in higher-SDI locations; the specific pattern of epidemiological transition varies across diseases and injuries. Conclusions and Relevance: Consistent international attention and investment have led to sustained improvements in causes of health loss among children and adolescents in many countries, although progress has been uneven. The persistence of infectious diseases in some countries, coupled with ongoing epidemiologic transition to injuries and noncommunicable diseases, require all countries to carefully evaluate and implement appropriate strategies to maximize the health of their children and adolescents and for the international community to carefully consider which elements of child and adolescent health should be monitored.
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    Trends in HIV/AIDS morbidity and mortality in Eastern Mediterranean countries, 1990-2015: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study
    Mokdad, Ali H.; El Bcheraoui, Charbel; Wang, Haidong; Charara, Raghid; Khalil, Ibrahim; Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar; Afshin, Ashkan; Collison, Michael; Daoud, Farah; Chew, Adrienne; Krohn, Kristopher J.; Carter, Austin; Foreman, Kyle J.; He, Fei; Kassebaum, Nicholas J.; Kutz, Michael; Mirarefin, Mojde; Nguyen, Grant; Silpakit, Naris; Sligar, Amber; Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu; Abate, Kalkidan Hassen; Abbas, Kaja M.; Abd-Allah, Foad; Abera, Semaw Ferede; Adane, Kelemework; Agarwal, Arnav; Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad; Ahmadi, Alireza; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Al Lami, Faris Hasan; Alam, Khurshid; Alasfoor, Deena; Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza; Al-Maskari, Fatma; Al-Raddadi, Rajaa; Altirkawi, Khalid A.; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Ammar, Walid; Anber, Nahla; Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.; Anwari, Palwasha; Asayesh, Hamid; Asghar, Rana Jawad; Atey, Tesfay Mehari; Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur; Ayele, Tadesse Awoke; Azzopardi, Peter; Bacha, Umar; Barac, Aleksandra; Baernighausen, Till; Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad; Geffen, David; Bedi, Neeraj; Bensenor, Isabela M.; Berhane, Adugnaw; Bessong, Pascal Obong; Beyene, Addisu Shunu; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Birungi, Charles; Butt, Zahid A.; Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero; Danawi, Hadi; das Neves, Jose; Deribe, Kebede; Deribew, Amare; Jarlais, Don C. Des; Dharmaratne, Samath D.; Djalalinia, Shirin; Doyle, Kerrie E.; Endries, Aman Yesuf; Eshrati, Babak; Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino; Farvid, Maryam S.; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad; Feyissa, Tesfaye Regassa; Fischer, Florian; Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L.; Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde; Gesesew, Hailay Abrha; Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo; Glaser, Elizabeth; Gona, Philimon N.; Gugnani, Harish Chander; Gupta, Rahul; Bidgoli, Hassan Haghparast; Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa; Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi; Hambisa, Mitiku Teshome; Hamidi, Samer; Harb, Hilda L.; Hareri, Habtamu Abera; Horita, Nobuyuki; Husseini, Abdullatif; Ibrahim, Ahmed; James, Spencer Lewis; Jonas, Jost B.; Kasaeian, Amir; Kassaw, Nigussie Assefa; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khan, Ejaz Ahmad; Khan, Gulfaraz; Khoja, Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah; Khubchandani, Jagdish; Kim, Yun Jin; Koyanagi, Ai; Defo, Barthelemy Kuate; Larson, Heidi J.; Latif, Asma Abdul; Leshargie, Cheru Tesema; Lunevicius, Raimundas; Abd El Razek, Mohammed Magdy; Majdzadeh, Reza; Majeed, Azeem; Malekzadeh, Reza; Manyazewal, Tsegahun; Markos, Desalegn; Farid, Habibolah Masoudi; Mehari, Alem; Mekonnen, Alemayehu B.; Memiah, Peter; Memish, Ziad A.; Mendoza, Walter; Mengesha, Melkamu Merid; Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese; Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane; Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary; Miller, Ted R.; Moore, Ami R.; Mumtaz, Ghina R.; Natarajan, Gopalakrishnan; Negin, Joel; Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf; Ogbo, Felix Akpojene; Oh, In-Hwan; Ota, Erika; Pereira, David M.; Pourmalek, Farshad; Qorbani, Mostafa; Radfar, Amir; Rafay, Anwar; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa; Rai, Rajesh Kumar; Ram, Usha; Rawaf, David Laith; Rawaf, Salman; Renzaho, Andre M. N.; Rezaei, Satar; Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh; Roba, Hirbo Shore; Roshandel, Gholamreza; Safdarian, Mahdi; Safiri, Saeid; Sahraian, Mohammad Ali; Salamati, Payman; Samy, Abdallah M.; Sartorius, Benn; Sepanlou, Sadaf G.; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Shamsizadeh, Morteza; Sibamo, Ephrem Lejore Sibamo; Singh, Jasvinder A.; Sobaih, Badr H. A.; Soshnikov, Sergey; Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale; Sykes, Bryan L.; Taveira, Nuno; Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw; Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash; Tekelab, Tesfalidet; Shifa, Girma Temam; Temsah, Mohamad-Hani; Tesssema, Belay; Topor-Madry, Roman; Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna; Uthman, Olalekan A.; Vollset, Stein Emil; Wadilo, Fiseha; Wakayo, Tolassa; Alebachew, Minyahil; Workicho, Abdulhalik; Workie, Shimelash Bitew; Yaghoubi, Mohsen; Yalew, Ayalnesh Zemene; Yimam, Hassen Hamid; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Yoon, Seok-Jun; Yotebieng, Marcel; Younis, Mustafa Z.; Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed; Jumaan, Aisha O.; Vos, Theo; Hay, Simon I.; Naghavi, Mohsen; Murray, Christopher J. L. (2018-05)
    We used the results of the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study to estimate trends of HIV/AIDS burden in Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) countries between 1990 and 2015. Tailored estimation methods were used to produce final estimates of mortality. Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated by multiplying the mortality rate by population by age-specific life expectancy. Years lived with disability (YLDs) were computed as the prevalence of a sequela multiplied by its disability weight. In 2015, the rate of HIV/AIDS deaths in the EMR was 1.8 (1.4-2.5) per 100,000 population, a 43% increase from 1990 (0.3; 0.2-0.8). Consequently, the rate of YLLs due to HIV/AIDS increased from 15.3 (7.6-36.2) per 100,000 in 1990 to 81.9 (65.3-114.4) in 2015. The rate of YLDs increased from 1.3 (0.6-3.1) in 1990 to 4.4 (2.7-6.6) in 2015. HIV/AIDS morbidity and mortality increased in the EMR since 1990. To reverse this trend and achieve epidemic control, EMR countries should strengthen HIV surveillance, and scale up HIV antiretroviral therapy and comprehensive prevention services.