Department of Psychology

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https://hdl.handle.net/10919/24212

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Browsing Department of Psychology by Subject "17 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences"

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    Only time will tell: Acute stress response patterns with time series analysis
    Nackley, Brittany B.; Friedman, Bruce H. (Elsevier, 2021-05-12)
    Stress has long attracted attention in psychophysiological research, due to its effects on physiology that are measurable and well documented. Acute stress is often conceptualized as a response pattern that activates the fight-or-flight response via the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). However, other stress response patterns can manifest as well, such as parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) shutdown, and SNS-PNS coactive hypervigilance. Each response pattern engages many dimensions, including physiological, emotional, and behavioral. Additionally, as stress unfolds over time, these patterns can change to adjust to the changing nature of the stressor. This proof of concept study introduces novel methodology to track the patterns and multidimensional manifestations of stress. Virtual reality (VR) was used to induce a dynamic range of stress responses. The defense cascade provides a model with which to understand and predict response patterns over the time course of an acute stressor.
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    Prospective Examination of Adolescent Sleep Patterns and Behaviors Before and During COVID-19
    Becker, Stephen P.; Dvorsky, Melissa R.; Breaux, Rosanna; Cusick, Caroline N.; Taylor, Katherine P.; Langberg, Joshua M. (Oxford University Press, 2021-02-25)
    Study objectives: To prospectively examine changes in adolescent sleep before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in adolescents with and without ADHD. Methods: Participants were 122 adolescents (ages 15-17; 61% male; 48% with ADHD). Parents reported on adolescents' sleep duration and difficulties initiating and maintaining sleep (DIMS); adolescents reported on sleep patterns, sleep duration, delayed sleep/wake behaviors, and daytime sleepiness before (September 2019-February 2020) and during (May-June 2020) COVID-19. Adolescents also reported on their health behaviors, COVID-19-related negative affect, and difficulties concentrating due to COVID-19. Results: Parents reported adolescents had more DIMS during COVID-19 than before COVID-19, with clinically-elevated rates increasing from 24% to 36%. Both bedtimes and waketimes shifted later during COVID-19, and adolescents reported more delayed sleep/wake behaviors. Adolescents also reported less daytime sleepiness and longer school night sleep duration during COVID-19. In considering differences between adolescents with and without ADHD, adolescents with ADHD did not experience an increase in school night sleep duration and were less likely to obtain recommended sleep duration during COVID-19. In the full sample, controlling for ADHD status, COVID-19-related sadness/loneliness was associated with increases in DIMS, and spending less time outside and more COVID-19-related worries/fears were associated with increases in delayed sleep/wake behaviors during COVID-19. Conclusions: COVID-19 had negative and positive impacts on adolescent sleep. Adolescents with ADHD did not experience the benefit of increased school night sleep duration during COVID-19 like adolescents without ADHD. Negative affect and health behaviors may be useful intervention targets for reducing negative impacts of COVID-19 for adolescent sleep.