Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station

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https://hdl.handle.net/10919/24235
The Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station conducts research on food and fiber systems, their impact on the environment, and their relation to the future needs of Virginia, the nation, and the world.

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Browsing Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station by Subject "0703 Crop And Pasture Production"

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    Improved Trap Designs and Retention Mechanisms for Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
    Rice, Kevin B.; Morrison, William R.; Short, Brent D.; Acebes-Doria, Angelita L.; Bergh, J. Christopher; Leskey, Tracy C. (Oxford University Press, 2018-10-01)
    Current monitoring systems for the invasive Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera; Pentatomidae) in orchard agroecosystems rely on ground-deployed tall black pyramid traps baited with the two-component H. halys aggregation pheromone and pheromone synergist. Pyramid traps are comparatively costly, require considerable time to deploy and service, and may not be best suited to grower needs. Therefore, we evaluated other traps for H. halys, including modified pyramid traps (lures deployed on the outside), a canopy-deployed small pyramid, a pipe trap, delta traps, and yellow sticky cards in 2015 and 2016 in commercial apple and peach orchards. We also compared various H. halys killing agents for use in standard pyramid trap collection jars, including VaporTape kill strips, cattle ear tags, and plastic netting treated with various pyrethroids. Finally, we evaluated the effect of positioning the lures inside versus outside the collection jar on standard pyramid traps on overall captures. Among trap types, modified pyramid and pipe traps were most effective, capturing more adults than all other trap designs. Adult captures in small canopy-deployed pyramid, delta, and yellow sticky traps were lower, but significantly correlated with the standard black pyramid. Placing lures on the outside of collection jars on pyramid traps resulted in significantly greater captures and insecticide-impregnated netting was as effective for retaining bugs as VaporTape strips. These studies demonstrate that trapping systems for H. halys can be simplified and improved by modifying the trap design, lure deployment location, and/or killing agent.
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    Successful management of Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in commercial apple orchards with an attract-and-kill strategy
    Morrison, William R.; Blaauw, Brett R.; Short, Brent D.; Nielsen, Anne L.; Bergh, J. Christopher; Krawczyk, Greg; Park, Yong-Lak; Butler, Bryan R.; Khrimian, Ashot; Leskey, Tracy C. (2018-07-30)
    Introduction of Halyomorpha halys (Stål) in the USA has disrupted many established integrated pest management programs for specialty crops, especially apple. While current management heavily relies on insecticides, one potential alternative tactic is attract-and-kill (AK), whereby large numbers of H. halys are attracted to and retained in a circumscribed area using attractive semiochemicals and removed from the foraging population with an insecticide. The goal of this study was to evaluate if AK implementation in commercial apple orchards can result in levels of H. halys damage that are equal to or less than those from grower standard management programs.Over 2 years at farms in five Mid-Atlantic USA states, we found that the use of AK resulted in 2-7 times less damage compared with grower standard plots, depending on year and period. At selected trees on which AK was implemented, over 10,000 H. halys individuals were killed in two growing seasons, and the use of AK reduced the crop area treated with insecticide against H. halys by 97%. Using AK had no impact on the natural enemy or secondary pest community over the same period.Overall, the use of AK was effective at managing low to moderate H. halys populations in apple orchards, but must be optimized to increase economic feasibility for grower adoption.