Here are various works by James Powell, a programmer in the Library Automation Department who also led the technical development for the Scholarly Communications Project.
You would have a difficult time finding a resource in a digital library without consulting some type of database that contains descriptions of each resource. The information used to describe a book, journal, article or other resource in such a database is called meta-data. There are many formats for encoding meta-data. This document presents one set of bibliographic data describing a single resource in four formats used in various projects related to digital libraries.