Scholarly Works, Small Animal Clinical Sciences

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https://hdl.handle.net/10919/24345
Research articles, presentations, and other scholarship

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Browsing Scholarly Works, Small Animal Clinical Sciences by Subject "0707 Veterinary Sciences"

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    Clinical outcomes in dogs with localized splenic histiocytic sarcoma treated with splenectomy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy
    Latifi, Max; Tuohy, Joanne L.; Coutermarsh-Ott, Sheryl; Klahn, Shawna L.; Leeper, Haley; Dervisis, Nikolaos G. (Wiley, 2020-09-28)
    Background: Localized splenic histiocytic sarcoma (HS) in dogs is a poorly understood disease, and could have longer survival times than disseminated or hemophagocytic HS. Understanding the clinical behavior of localized splenic HS can refine treatment recommendations. Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of dogs with localized splenic HS. Animals: Fourteen client-owned dogs with histologically confirmed splenic HS that received splenectomy. Methods: Multi-institutional retrospective case series—medical records of dogs with splenic HS were reviewed. Dog signalment, clinicopathologic data, primary and adjuvant treatments, and outcomes were obtained. Survival data were calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Dog variables such as age, weight, platelet counts were reported using descriptive statistics. The Cox proportional hazards regression method was used to determine whether potential risk factors (weight, age, albumin level, hematocrit, and platelet count) were associated with PFI. Results: Median survival time for the dogs in this study was 427 days. Twelve dogs received adjuvant lomustine-based chemotherapy. Five dogs (35.7%) were suspected or confirmed to have developed metastatic disease. Eleven dogs died of disease, 1 dog died of unrelated cause, and 2 dogs were alive at final follow-up. Conclusions and Clinical Significance: Histiocytic sarcoma in dogs can manifest as a localized form in the spleen. Dogs with localized splenic HS treated with surgery ± chemotherapy can experience survival times over a year.
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    Comparison of the mitral valve morphologies of Cavalier King Charles Spaniels and dogs of other breeds using 3D transthoracic echocardiography
    Menciotti, Giulio; Borgarelli, Michele; Aherne, Michael; Camacho, Paula; Haggstrom, Jens; Ljungvall, Ingrid; Lahmers, Sunshine M.; Abbott, Jonathan A. (Wiley, 2018-09-01)
    Background: Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is more prevalent in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCSs) compared to dogs of other breeds at a given age. Abnormal valvular stress is thought to contribute to the development and progression of MMVD, and a relationship exists between mitral valve (MV) morphology and stress acting on the valve. Objectives: To determine whether the MV morphology of healthy adult CKCSs differs from the morphology of healthy adult dogs of other breeds determined by RT-3DTTE. Animals: Thirty-five healthy CKCSs and 41 healthy dogs of other breeds. Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study. Dogs underwent physical examination, conventional echocardiography, and RT-3DTTE. RT–3DTTE datasets were analyzed using dedicated software for MV morphologic analysis. Morphologic variables were compared between CKCSs and dogs of other breeds. Results: The MV of healthy CKCSs had a smaller annulus height (0.46 ± 0.11 vs. 0.56 ± 0.17; P =.0021), tenting height (0.26 ± 0.12 vs. 0.42 ± 0.18; P <.001), tenting area (0.42 ± 0.15 vs. 0.79 ± 0.34; P <.001), normalized tenting volume (0.09 [0.05–0.13] vs. 0.14 [0.10–0.20]; P <.001), and normalized area of the posterior leaflet (0.57 ± 0.15 vs. 0.66 ± 0.18; P =.016) compared to healthy dogs of other breeds; this results in CKCSs having a flatter MV with reduced tenting, compared to the MV of other breeds. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: These morphologic features could confer a mechanical disadvantage and play a role in the predisposition of CKCSs to the early development of MMVD.
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    Diagnostic accuracy of a point-of-care test using voided urine samples for detection of bacteriuria in dogs with signs of lower urinary tract disease
    Grant, David C.; Nappier, Michael T.; Corrigan, Virginia Kiefer (Wiley, 2021-02-01)
    Background: Bacterial urine culture is recommended in dogs suspected of having urinary tract infection (UTI), but there is expense and delay in obtaining such results. Hypothesis/Objective: To determine the diagnostic performance of a rapid immunoassay (RIA) dipstick for detection of bacteriuria using voided urine from dogs with clinical signs of lower UTI. Animals: Twenty-four client-owned dogs. Methods: Voided urine was collected and the RIA performed within 30 minutes. Urine collected by cystocentesis was submitted for aerobic urine culture. McNemar's test and kappa coefficient were calculated to determine agreement between the 2 tests. Results: Nine of 21 dogs (43%) had UTI verified by aerobic urine culture. There was 1 false-negative and no false-positive RIA results. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the RIA were 89%, 100%, 100%, and 92%, respectively. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: This RIA is promising for correctly identifying whether or not voided urine samples from dogs with lower urinary tract clinical signs have true bacteriuria in a rapid, inexpensive manner. Additional patients should be enrolled in a similar study to determine if diagnostic performance is robust in a large population.
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    Investigation of a novel variable dosing protocol for radioiodine treatment of feline hyperthyroidism
    Morre, Wendy A.; Panciera, David L.; Daniel, Gregory B.; Monroe, William E.; Werre, Stephen R. (Wiley, 2018-11-01)
    Background: Radioiodine is the treatment of choice for hyperthyroidism in cats. The ideal method of dose determination of radioiodine remains controversial. Objective: To compare a method of radioiodine dose determination that utilized thyroid scintigraphy with a standard fixed dose for treatment of hyperthyroidism. Animals: Fifty-seven and 23 client-owned hyperthyroid cats in the variable and fixed dose groups, respectively. Methods: Cats with a percent dose uptake using 99mTc-pertechnetate uptake on thyroid scintigraphy <5%, 5%-10%, and >10% were to receive 3, 3.5, or 4.5 millicuries (mCi) of radioiodine, respectively, administered SC. Radioiodine dose was adjusted according to thyroid gland size as determined by the thyroid:salivary size ratio and categorized as <5:1, 5-10:1, and >10:1. If the thyroid size fell into a higher dosing category than the percent dose uptake, the dose was increased accordingly. Cats in the fixed dose group received 4.5 mCi. Six months after treatment, cats were determined to be euthyroid, hypothyroid, or hyperthyroid based on serum thyroxine and thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations. Results: No difference in outcome was found between the variable and fixed dose treatment groups. Euthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and persistent hyperthyroidism developed in 61, 30, and 9% of cats in the fixed dose group compared to 58, 26, and 16%, respectively, in the variable dose group. Conclusions: A variable dosing method of radioiodine based on percent dose uptake primarily and thyroid gland size secondarily did not improve outcome compared to a standard fixed dose method.
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    Magnetization transfer and diffusion tensor imaging in dogs with intervertebral disk herniation
    Shinn, Richard L.; Pancotto, Theresa E.; Stadler, Krystina L.; Werre, Stephen R.; Rossmeisl, John H. Jr. (Wiley, 2020-10-02)
    Background: Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (QMRI) techniques of magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) provide microstructural information about the spinal cord. Objective: Compare neurologic grades using the modified Frankel scale with MTR and DTI measurements in dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disk herniation (IVDH). Animals: Fifty-one dogs with thoracolumbar IVDH. Methods: Prospective cohort study. Quantitative MRI measurements of the spinal cord were obtained at the region of compression. A linear regression generalized estimating equations model was used to compare QMRI measurements between different neurological grades after adjusting for age, weight, duration of clinical signs, and lesion location. Results: Grade 5 (.79 × 10−3 mm2/s [median],.43−.91 [range]) and axial (1.47 × 10−3 mm2/s,.58−1.8) diffusivity were lower compared to grades 2 (1.003,.68−1.36; P =.02 and 1.81 × 10−3 mm2/s, 1.36−2.12; P <.001, respectively) and 3 (1.07 × 10−3 mm2/s,.77−1.5; P =.04 and 1.92 × 10−3 mm2/s, 1.83−2.37; P <.001, respectively). Compared to dogs with acute myelopathy, chronic myelopathy was associated with higher mean (1.02 × 10−3 mm2/s,.77−1.36 vs.83 × 10−3 mm2/s,.64−1.5; P =.03) and radial diffusivity (.75 × 10−3 mm2/s,.38−1.04 vs.44 × 10−3 mm2/s,.22−1.01; P =.008) and lower MTR (46.76, 31.8−56.43 vs. 54.4, 45.2−62.27; P =.004) and fractional anisotropy (.58,.4−0.75 vs.7,.46−.85; P =.02). Fractional anisotropy was lower in dogs with a T2-weighted intramedullary hyperintensity compared to those without (.7,.45−.85 vs.54,.4−.8; P =.01). Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: Mean diffusivity and AD could serve as surrogates of severity of spinal cord injury and are complementary to the clinical exam in dogs with thoracolumbar IVDH.